Optimization effectiveness

Combining the practice of preventive maintenance and total quality control and total employee involvement results in an innovative system for equipment maintenance that optimizes effectiveness, eliminates breakdowns, and promotes autonomous operator maintenance through day-to-day activities. This concept known as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) was conceived by Seiichi Nakajima and is well-documented in his book Introduction of TPM and is highly recommended reading for all involved in the maintenance area. 

The last-mentioned property of a synthetic process, i.e. versatility, is frequently an important consideration in research on optimally effective therapeutic agents in which the synthesis of a large series of structural analogs from a single intermediate is desirable. This aspect of the problem-solving environment can play a decisive role in synthetic design. 

Antidepressants are used in neuropathic pain and migraine prophylaxis. Tricyclics require monitoring of plasma drug concentrations to achieve optimal effect... 

The foam properties of ether carboxylates are dependent on the fatty chain and ethoxylation degree. High foaming effect can be achieved with a longer fatty chain, with an optimal effect using C12-C14 chain, and a relatively short EO degree, with an optimum at about 4.5 EO [10,51,57] (Table 8). 

Otfier fiormones accelerate tfie release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and raise tfie plasma free fatty acid concentration by increasing the rate of lipolysis of the triacylglycerol stores (Figure 25—8). These include epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a- and P-melanocyte-stimulat-ing hormones (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), and vasopressin. Many of these activate the hormone-sensitive hpase. For an optimal effect, most of these lipolytic processes require the presence of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones. These hormones act in a facilitatory or permissive capacity with respect to other lipolytic endocrine factors. 

Another example of potassium as a promoter is in the hydrogenating of CO to give methanol directly, as mentioned earlier [M. Maack, H. Friis-Jensen, S. Sckerl, J. H. Larsen and I. Chorkendorff Top. Catal. 22 (2003) 161]. Here it works as a promoter for CO hydrogenation, but with conventional methanol synthesis great efforts are made to avoid the presence of alkalis in the catalyst as they tend to ruin the selectivity by promoting the production of higher alcohols, i.e. the surface becomes too reactive. Thus great care has to be exercised to achieve the optimal effects. 

Petersilka, M., Gossmann, U. J., Gross, E. K. U., 1998, Time Dependent Optimized Effective Potential in the Linear Response Regime in Electronic Density Functional Theory. Recent Progress and New Directions, Dobson, J. F., Vignale, G., Das, M. P. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York. 

Intranasal steroids are considered to have a slow onset of action (12-24 hours). Some patients may experience relief within a few days. Maximum treatment response may take up to several weeks to be observed.9,10,12 To achieve optimal effects, use at regular intervals is recommended.15 With the exception of beclomethasone and flunisolide, which are administered twice daily, the recommended doses for the intranasal corticosteroids are one to two sprays in each nostril once daily.15... 

Intraparticle Mass Transfer. One way biofilm growth alters bioreactor performance is by changing the effectiveness factor, defined as the actual substrate conversion divided by the maximum possible conversion in the volume occupied by the particle without mass transfer limitation. An optimal biofilm thickness exists for a given particle, above or below which the particle effectiveness factor and reactor productivity decrease. As the particle size increases, the maximum effectiveness factor possible decreases (Andrews and Przezdziecki, 1986). If sufficient kinetic and physical data are available, the optimal biofilm thickness for optimal effectiveness can be determined through various models for a given particle size (Andrews, 1988 Ruggeri et al., 1994), and biofilm erosion can be controlled to maintain this thickness. The determination of the effectiveness factor for various sized particles with changing biofilm thickness is well-described in the literature (Fan, 1989 Andrews, 1988)... 

To apply optimization effectively in the chemical industries, both the theory and practice of optimization must be understood, both of which we explain in this book. We focus on those techniques and discuss software that offers the most potential for success and gives reliable results. 

So an optimized effective potential can be found for the given excited state. The Knieger-Li-Iaffate (KLI) approximation to the optimized effective potential can also be derived [37]. 

A drug substance generally must have both water- and lipid-soluble characteristics to be optimally effective. 

The reasons for the effect of pH on the catalytic properties of enzymes are numerous and will not be discussed here. For most enzymes, however, there is a pH at which they are optimally effective changing the pH to lower (more acidic) levels or to higher (more basic) levels will decrease the overall rate at which the associated chemical reaction occurs. In the region of the optimum pH, the reaction rate vs. pH response surface can usually be approximated reasonably well by a second-order, parabolic relationship. 

Do not increase dosage more frequently than once every 4 days, because optimal effect may not be achieved during the first 2 to 3 days of therapy. 

Initial dosage 50 mg/day. If an optimal response is not achieved within 1 week, increase to 100 mg/day. Some patients may require 200 mg/day for optimal effect. 

Advise patients that the optimal effect of nedocromil therapy depends on its administration at regular intervals, even during symptom-free periods. 

Characteristics of an Optimally Effective Cell Model of Toxicity... 

Plasminogen, an inactive precursor, is activated to plasmin which as a protease is able to break down fibrin clots. The thrombolytic agents in use promote the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin at the site of a thrombus. Indications include post-myocardial infarction treatment. The thrombolytic must be administered within 6 hours for an optimal effect. Other indications are treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism, deep-vein thrombosis, acute arterial thrombosis and thromboembolism, as well as in the clearance of arteriovenous catheters and can-nulae. Agents are streptokinase, anistreplase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase and tenecteplase. 

Finally, as in the one-band case, it is necessary to find the best Slater determinant leading to optimized effective levels. One can easily show that expression (21) can be generalized for orbital degeneracy ... 

A lipophilic halogen, alkyl, or aryl substiment in the 3 position. An isopropyl group has the optimal effect. 

What remains relatively unchanged, however, is how one uses the information available in the literature or other sources to identify the drug candidate that will have an optimal effect on the therapeutic target. The strategy to clone and express disease-related genes also remains unchanged. 

Limited evidence indicates that carbamazepine plus an antipsychotic may also benefit some schizophrenic patients. This is an interesting possibility in view of the similar antimanic properties of lithium and carbamazepine (375). This area requires further research, especially to clarify the indications for combining anticonvulsants with an antipsychotic. For example, mania complicated by psychotic features may benefit from lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine augmented by antipsychotics. Because carbamazepine induces the metabolism of at least some antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, thiothixene), dose adjustment based on TDM may be necessary to achieve the optimal effect. 

If optimal effect is not achieved within 1 to 2 weeks, dosage can be increased to 100 mg/d given as a single tablet... 

Stirred tank reactors are often equipped with baffles in order to obtain an optimal effect of the action of the stirrer and to distribute turbulence as homogeneously as possible. As a consequence, however, this may introduce some dead corners in the wake of these baffles. 

The use of S02 for preserving fruit juices, syrups, concentrates, and purees is particularly attractive in regions with warm climates and where products must be stored in bulk prior to processing. In these situations, the SO> concentration will range between 350 and 000 ppm. High sugar concentrations require higher levels of S02. For optimal effectiveness, the pH of some products has to be reduced. 

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