4- Nitro-6- -phenol

Photooxidation of chlorobenzene in air containing nitric oxide in a Pyrex glass vessel and a quartz vessel gave 3-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloro-6-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, 4-chloro-2-nitro-phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 3-chloro-4-nitrophenol, 3-chloro-6-nitrophenol, and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenol (Kanno and Nojima, 1979). A carbon dioxide yield of 18.5% was achieved when chlorobenzene adsorbed on silica gel was irradiated with light (A. >290 nm) for 17 h. The sunlight irradiation of chlorobenzene (20 g) in a 100-mL borosilicate glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask for 28 d yielded 1,060 ppm monochlorobiphenyl (Uyeta et al., 1976). 

Among the chemicals which have been shown to be mutagens in Salmonella (as well as other short-term tests) that have recently been shown to be carcinogens are 1,2-dichloroethane (10 x 109 Ibs/year, U.S.), tris-dibromopropyl phosphate (the flame retardant used in children s polyester sleepwear), sulfallate (a pesticide), o-phenylene-diamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole (hair dye ingredient), 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (hair dye ingredient), and 4-amino-2-nitro-phenol (hair dye ingredient). 

Such NACs do not exhibit linear isotherms when they sorb under certain conditions with aluminosilicate clays (Fig. 11.66 Haderlein and Schwarzenbach, 1993 Hader-lein et al., 1996). Rather they show saturation behavior indicating an association with specific sites on the solid surfaces. This specific site interaction is also indicated by the observations of competitive effects among different NACs in sorption experiments. Further, the sorption enthalpies have been found to be much greater than excess enthalpies of aqueous solution of these sorbates (e.g., 4-methyl-2-nitro-phenol exhibits a sorption enthalpy of-41.7 kJ-mol"1). These data all indicate that there is a strong specific interaction of NACs with the aluminosilicate clay surfaces. 

Thus, p- xylene yielded 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene. The principal reaction with anisole was also chlorination and with phenol nitration when nitration temperature was low (-80°C) both o- and p- nitrophenols were formed. At room temperature chlorination also occurred yielding 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol and 3,6-dichloro-2-nitro-phenol. 

Olsen J.C. Goldstein, lEC 16,67-69 (1924) p- (or 1,2,4-) Nitrophenolsulfonic Acid. Plates from ethyl acet/benz mp 141—2°, its trihydrate melts at 49° can be prepd by treating 2-nitro-phenol with fuming sulfuric acid v sol in w, ethyl acet, ale and hot chlf Refs 1) Beil 11, 245-6, (57) [137] 2) F. 

The synthesis of the 7-hydroxy-derivatives required 5-benzyloxy-2-nitro-phenol, hitherto unknown. An earlier procedure for the synthesis of the related 5-methoxy-2-nitrophenol [118] showed, that a selective direct nitration of such electronically overheated aromatics is impossible even with dilute aqueous nitric acid. In such a case, using a weaker and more selective N-electrophile like the nitrosyl cation or an equivalent for it should be helpful because a nitroso compound thus prepared can finally be oxidised to a nitro compound. However, special problems result from the insolubility of monobenzyl resorcinol in water which made a classical aqueous nitrosation procedure impossible. 

Varnali and Hargittai found energies of 30 and 12 kJ/mol for the intramolecular hydrogen bond formation in 2-nitrovinyl alcohol and 2-nitro phenol, respectively [194]. They are far from 57.45 and 50.07 kJ/mol, respectively, obtained according to the classical procedure at B3LYP/6-31G level [189]. To be remembered that the isodesmic reaction technique cannot be used for activation barriers and that different energies will be predicted by different isodesmic reactions. 

Dinitroorthocresol (DNOC, 36), the metabolism of which has been studied most extensively, is excreted in the urine of rabbits at a rate of about 20% in 48 hours, of which 5-6% is voided in the form of the free compound, about 1 % as O-conjugate (37) and 12% mainly as 2-acetamino-6-methyl-4-nitrophenol O-conjugate (38). The metabolites 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid and 4-amino-6-methyl-2-nitro-phenol have been observed in trace quantities. The amino groups formed by... 

Phenol, 3-methyl-2-nitro-Phenol, 3-methyl-4-nitro-Phenol, 3-nitro-Phenol, 3-phenoxy-... 

Phenol, 3,6-dimethyl-2-nitro- phenol, 2,5-dimethyI-6-nitro- 2137, 3712, 4249 ... 

These authors calculated the SC permeabihty coefficient from the differences in resistances presented by whole skin and tape-stripped (no SC) skin. The permeability coefficients in the database were taken from the SC permeabihty values reported in Table 4. SC permeabihty values were not calculated for three chemicals (2-nitro-phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) because the permeabihty coefficient from tape-stripped skin was not available. The permeabihty coefficient values for these three chemicals were taken from the whole skin values in Table 1. 

Ac or Bz) at 160—190°C gave, after chromatography, modest yields of methyl or phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl(benzoyl)-P-D-glucopyranoside, whereas the a-anomers of (27) were not susceptible to decarboxylation. Fusion of (27 R = Ph, R = Ac) with 2-chloro- or 2-nitro-phenol at 130—140°C provided satisfactory preparations of the substituted-phenyl P-glycosides in yields of 65 % and 95 %, respectively. These reactions proceed by way of 1,2-orthoester intermediates. 

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