Thyroid-stimulating hormone elevated

Lithium is concentrated in the thyroid gland and can impair thyroid hormone synthesis. Although goiter is uncommon, as many as 30% of patients develop at least transiently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone values. Lithium-induced hypothyroidism is not usually an indication to discontinue the drug. Patients can be supplemented with levothyroxine if continuation of lithium is desired.30... 

Li+ has been reported to affect virtually every component of the endocrine system to some extent however any resulting clinical manifestations are very rare [169]. Although these influences do not appear to be related to its mechanism of action in manic-depression, some are involved in the side effects experienced by Li+-treated patients. Apart from elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Li+ does not appear to affect the basal levels of hormones significantly however some hormone responses are reported to be altered by Li+ treatment of bipolar patients [170]. Neuronal activity stimulates the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood and, consequently, the plasma from people with mania and depression shows increased levels of both neurotransmitters [171]. 

Up to 30% of patients on maintenance lithium therapy develop transiently elevated serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 5% to 35% of patients develop a goiter and/or hypothyroidism, which is dose-related and more likely to occur in women. This is managed by adding levothyroxine to the regimen. 

TSH, T3, T, T3-resin uptake, free thyroxin index), but careful attention to early signs and symptoms of hypofunction (e.g., weight gain, cold intolerance, hair loss) may be more productive. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is sensitive to early thyroid changes and, if elevated, should prompt treatment with thyroid supplements to avoid goiter or hypothyroidism. 

Ferko N, Levine MA. Evaluation of the association between St. John s wort and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pharmacotherapy 2001 21(12) 1574-8. 

In fact, despite losses of thyroxin-binding globulin in the urine, proportional to total proteinuria and accompanied by the loss of bound T3 and T4, plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are usually normal in nephrotic subjects. Sometimes T3 levels may be lowered and T4 levels slightly elevated with increased reverse T3, with normal TSH levels excluding the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Hypoalbuminemia is to be taken into consideration also in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine substitution therapy. 

Laboratory Tests reveal elevated thyroxine (T4) and slightly decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). All other tests were within normal limits. 

Metallic Mercury. A 13-year-old boy exposed to mercury vapors for 2 weeks developed a thyroid enlargement with elevated triiodothyronine, and thyroxine and low thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (Karpathios et al. 1991). Serum-free thyroxine (T4) and the ratio of free thyroxine to free 3,5,3 -triiodo-... 

Other Systemic Effects. Studies of workers exposed to mercury vapor found no effect on serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (Erfurth et al. 1990 McGregor and Mason 1991). However, an enlarged thyroid, with elevated triiodothyronine and thyroxine, as well as reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone developed in a 13-year-old boy exposed to mercury vapor for 2 weeks (Karpathios et al. 1991). Animal... 

Thyroxine-TSH. Normally, thyroxine sends a negative feedback to the pituitary and reduces the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Patients with serum thyroxine concentrations above 8.0 ig/dL seldom have elevated concentrations of TSH. Exceptions occur in secondary and tertiary hyperthyroidism. 

Elevated free and total T3 and T4 serum concentrations. Low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentration ... 

Hypothyroidism is quite common in older adults and may present with an indolent course, or it may induce dramatic mental changes such as coma or pericardial effusion with tamponade. The most conunon etiology is primary hypothyroidism, or failure of the thyroid gland to manufacture and release sufficient thyroid hormone. The diagnosis is estabUshed by an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The treatment is by thyroxine replacement. 

In addition to iodine measurements, three studies (Abdulla et al., 1981 Key et al., 1992 Raiuna et al., 1994) performed thyroid function tests as indirect measures of iodine sufficiency. Thyroid function was normal in two studies (Abdulla et al., 1981 Rauma et al., 1994). The third study reported elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in 5 of 48 vegans, but did not measure dietary or urinary iodine levels (Key et al., 1992). It is noteworthy that the three highest TSH levels were in vegans who usually took kelp it is possible that these three actually suffered iodine-induced hypothyroidism (Wiersinga and Braverman, 2003) secondary to the consumption of excessive iodine-rich kelp. 

The indicator for this condition is neonatal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A prevalence of 1-10% of elevated TSH has been reported from various endemic diseases (Kochupillai et ai, 1986). There is evidence from India of an epidemiological correlation, with subsequent intellectual performance from India (Kochupillai et ai, 1986) and elsewhere (Delange, 1994). 

Suboiinioai hypothyroidism is defined as a bioohemioal abnormality charaoterized by an elevated serum level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal thyroid hormones and no clinical symptoms. 

The fetus and neonate are both at risk of developing iodine-induced hypothyroidism (Table 96.3). Many cases of such hypothyroidism in fetuses and neonates have been reported, especially in iodine-deficient regions of Europe, but also in iodine-sufficient areas. Iodide goiter in neonates is usually a transient problem. However, tracheal obstruction due to such goiter can be fatal (Markou et al, 2001 Wolff, 1969). Transient hypothyroidism without elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in extremely... 

Yuan J, Chen L, Chen D et al (2008) Elevated serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid-stimulating hormone associated with lymphocytic micronuclei in Chinese workers from an e-waste dismantling site. Environ Sci Technol 42 2195-2200 Zhang Y, Guo GL, Han X et al (2008) Do polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) increase the risk of thyroid cancer Biosci Hyp 1 195-199... 

Thyroid Giand While a number of studies have examined effects of NP exposure on thyroid function in aquatic species, there are relatively few studies available in mammalian models. Dose, duration of treatment, and gender aU appear to influence whether APs affect thyroid function. For instance, serum levels of T3 and T4, but not thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), were elevated in ovariectomized female SD rats fed 4-NP at 20 or 80 mg/kg via a soy-free diet for up to 12 weeks (Schmutzler et al. 2004). In contrast, in an oral dosing (by gavage) 28-day... 

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