Thyroid Liver disease

Weissel M, Hauff W. Fatal liver failure after high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy in a patient with severe thyroid eye disease. Thyroid 2000 10(6) 521. 

Some diseases (liver disease, kidney disease, and malnutrition) interfere with the transport or metabolism of thyroid hormones and thereby alter thyroid function tests. 

Persons with a history of acute bronchial asthma should not receive hydromorphone. Persons with a history of head injury, increased pressure within the brain, seizures, serious abdominal problems, liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, prostate disease, and low blood pressure should use hydromorphone with great caution. Also, the elderly should receive hydromorphone with great caution. 

Adverse effects associated with lithium therapy include tremulousness, mental obtundation, cardiotoxicity, thyroid dysfunction, and leukocytosis (see Chapter 29 Antipsychotic Agents Lithium). Demeclocycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease (see Chapter 44 Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Streptogramins) and in children younger than 12 years. 

Other causes of osteoporosis include many diseases which alter the hormonal/chemical environment of the body, including thyroid disease, disease of the parathyroid (a gland responsible for calcium levels within the body), gastrointestinal diseases (which can alter the ability of the body to absorb calcium in the diet), diseases which decrease the amount of estrogen produced, and certain liver diseases. 

In the case of osteoporosis that is not due to normal aging, but is secondary to another disease process, other laboratory examination may be necessary. Calcium blood level, thyroid, liver, and parathyroid function may need to be evaluated. Other diseases that cause secondary osteoporosis (such as gastrointestinal disease) are usually evident due to other symptomatology. 

Important susceptibility factors include age, endogenous coagulation defects, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid disease, renal insufficiency, liver disease, tumors, cerebrovascular disease, alcoholism, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (peptic ulcer disease alone without past bleeding is not associated with an increased risk of bleeding), and an inability to adhere to the regimen. 

As you saw in the last section, radioactive substances can be damaging to our bodies, but scientists have figured out ways to use some of their properties for our benefit. For example, radioactive nuclides are employed to diagnose lung and liver disease, to treat thyroid problems and cancer, and to determine the ages of archaeological finds. Let s examine some of these beneficial uses. 

K. Krogsgaard, and J. Aldershvile. 1988. Independent effects of liver disease and chronic alcoholism on thyroid function and size the possibility of a toxic effect of alcohol on the thyroid gland. Metabol. Clin. Exp. 37(3) 229-33 cited in Chem. Abstr. CA 108(11) 89325d. 

A serum protein of molecular weight 61 000, which migrates in front of albumin on serum protein electrophoresis. It has similar functions to albumin but it is particularly important in the binding of thyroid hormones. Low serum levels are found in a variety of conditions including malignancies and liver diseases. 

Long-term health effects from exposure to low-to-moderate doses of radiation include cancer of the thyroid, prostate, kidney, liver, salivary glands, and lungs Hodgkin s disease leukemia and increased numbers of stillbirths and genetic defects. Concerns about potential long-term health effects often lead to anxiety and depression problems among those exposed to radiation. 

Write in summary format the biochemical test/disease mentioned in these questions, namely (Q41) liver function tests (Q42) epilepsy (Q43) thyroid function (Q44) peptic ulcer. 

People with exposure to anti-thyroid drugs (e.g., lithium), thyroid disease, or otherwise compromised thyroid function might have a more pronounced response to PBBs and PBDEs because of their underlying limitations in thyroid hormone production. Similarly, people with compromised function of other organs, such as those with liver or kidney diseases (e g., liver cirrhosis or hepatitis B), could be considered more susceptible to health effects of PBBs and PBDEs. 

A 50-year-old woman with previous autoimmune thyroid disease taking atorvastatin developed acute hepatitis when she also was given ezetimibe (4). Further investigations, including liver biopsy, showed a probable drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis. 

Price SC, Ochieng W, Weaver R, et al. 1987. Studies on the mechanisms of changes produced in the liver, thyroid, pancreas and kidney by hypolipidemic drugs and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. In Reid E, Cook GM, Luzio JP, eds. Cells, membranes, and disease, including renal. Vol. 17(B). New York ... 

Cancer is uncommon during the first two decades of life, but is nonetheless a substantial concern. In the United States, cancer is diagnosed in approximately 12 400 children and adolescents annually and is the most common cause of death from any kind of disease between 1 and 19 years of age. In the United States and other developed countries, lymphoid neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma) and cancers of the central nervous system are the most common paediatric malignancies. Other kinds of childhood tumours include embryonal tumours of the retina, sympathetic nervous system, kidney, and liver tumours of bone and soft connective tissues and certain gonadal neoplasms. Different kinds of cancer (e.g. carcinomas of liver or thyroid) may predominate in children in parts of the world where specific environmental risk factors are more prevalent. 

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