Long-term health effects from

Long-term health effects from exposure to low-to-moderate doses of radiation include cancer of the thyroid, prostate, kidney, liver, salivary glands, and lungs Hodgkin s disease leukemia and increased numbers of stillbirths and genetic defects. Concerns about potential long-term health effects often lead to anxiety and depression problems among those exposed to radiation. 

Long-term health effects from antidepressants include the increased risk of deliberate self-harm (DSH), which may occur more with the SRRIs than the tricyclic antidepressants. The self-harm may occur by overdosing with the prescribed drug, but is more frequently by other means. 

Medical tests are available to determine whether you have been exposed to RDX. These tests measure RDX levels in your blood or urine. However, these tests can only be used if you have come in contact with RDX in the last few days. These tests can determine if you have been exposed to RDX, but they cannot be used to determine how much RDX entered your body. The tests are not routinely available in the doctor s office, but may be ordered by the doctor. They cannot be used to determine long-term health effects from RDX. The usual immediate health effects are seizures, muscle twitching, or vomiting from very high exposures. These would probably occur before you had the blood or urine test. 

The Bhopal incident was caused when a U.S.-based Union Carbide Corporation pesticide plant accidentally released approximately 40 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) into the atmosphere. The incident was a catastrophe for Bhopal, with an estimated 2,000 deaths, 100,000 injuries, and significant damage to livestock and crops. The long-term health effects from such an incident are difficult to evaluate the International Medical Commission on Bhopal estimated that as of 1994 more than 50,000 people remained partially or totally disabled (House of Representatives 1984). 

The response to a nuclear explosion differs dramatically from the response to an attack with conventional explosives. When conventional explosives such as dirty bombs disperse radiological materials, the health hazards from the radiation exposure are secondary to the explosion (flying shrapnel, debris, fire, and smoke). In the case of a nuclear explosion, the risks of death, serious short-term health effects, and serious long-term health effects are no longer secondary to the explosion. 

The Committee established three panels to identify and assess evidence on the possible long-term health effects or delayed sequelae of the chemicals tested. As In the work that led to Volume 1, the chairman of each panel was selected from the Comnittee on Toxicology. 

Given the available data on short-term exposures of Edgewood subjects to CR, as well as literature data, It Is not possible to predict whether long-term health effects will result from the CR exposures. 

There are no known long-term psychological effects from creatine supplementation. However, at least one study has linked the use of performance-enhancing supplements to an increased incidence of health risk behaviors. The 2001 study, which surveyed approximately 500 men and women between the ages of 17 and 35, found that study participants who took ergogenic nutritional supplements such as creatine were more likely to get drunk, drink and drive, and become involved in physical confrontations. However, since the research was limited by the fact that it involved a very specific population (subjects were new recruits entering military service), further study is needed to determine if ergogenic aids such as creatine are directly linked to an increase in these behaviors. 

Studies indicate that both the acute and chronic effects from smoking marijuana often mirror the short-term and long-term effects associated with smoking tobacco. Smoke is made up of both solid and gas particles. The inhalation of hot gases combined with volatile tars (and other particulates) can be very harmful to the lungs, throat, and bronchial tubes. Short-term health effects from smoking marijuana can... 

The long-term health effects of most interest included the possibility of excess cancer risk and adverse mental, neurologic, hepatic, and reproductive effects that might have resulted from experimental exposure to chemicals at Edgewood. 

Chronic toxicity studies provide information on the long-term health effects of chemical substances. Adverse health effects in exposed animals and subsequent severe damage are known to occur after repeated exposure to low doses over a period of time. The slow accumulation of mercury or lead in the body or after a long latency period from exposure to chemical carcinogens is an example. Chronic or prolonged periods of exposure to chemical substances may also cause adverse effects on the reproduction and behavior of animals and humans. The symptoms caused after chronic exposure usually differ from those observed in acute poisoning from the same chemical. In fact, when exposed to low concentrations of chemical substances, as is the case with chronic toxicity studies, the industrial worker and common public are unaware of the exposure. 

The knowledge that even when drinking-water is derived from relatively unpolluted sources it can be expected to contain a wide variety of chemicals at very low concentrations has led in some quarters to concern about the possibility of long-term health effects. This concern has been reinforced by evidence that environmental factors have a significant effect on the... 

Some people worry about the long-term health effect of fluorides added to public water supplies. They point out that fluorine is a deadly poison and that fluorides can be toxic as well. It is true that fluorine gas is very toxic, but the properties of compounds are different from the elements involved. Litde evidence exists to support these concerns. 

Around 50000 survivors are estimated to be suffering from long-term health effects that are termed as Bhopal syndrome due to a lack of information on the exact constituents of the gas cloud other than MIC. The Indian Council for Medical Research established a field office called Bhopal Gas Disaster Research Centre (BGDR) immediately after the accident. In addition, International Medical Commission on Bhopal (IMCB)... 

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