Susceptibility factors

Susceptibility to burning is the basis for assigning degrees within this category. The method of attacking the fire is influenced by this susceptibility factor. 

Susceptibility factors, which are associated with an increased risk of developing CKD, but are not directly proven to cause CKD. These factors are generally not modifiable by pharmacologic therapy or lifestyle modifications. 

Susceptibility factors can be readily used to develop screening programs for CKD. For example, older patients, those with low kidney mass or birth weight, and those with a family history of kidney disease should be routinely screened for CKD. 

Nelson LM Stanford University, Stanford, CA Investigate the role of environmental toxicants and genetic susceptibility factors in the etiology of ALS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

Amouyel P, Vidal O, Launay JM, La-pianche JL. The apolipoprotein E alleles as major susceptibility factors for Creutz-feldt-Jakob disease. The French Research Group on Epidemiology of Human Spongiform Encephalopathies. Lancet 1994 344[8933] 1315—1318. 

However, no single genetic susceptibility factor for late-onset PD has yet received anything like the same degree of support as APOE-s4 in late-onset AD (see above). 

Susceptibility factors increase the risk for kidney disease but do not directly cause kidney damage. Susceptibility factors include advanced age, reduced kidney mass and low birth weight, racial or ethnic minority, family history, low income or education, systemic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. 

It is accepted that the acmal nucleophile in the reactions of oximes with OPs is the oximate anion, Pyr+-CH=N-0 , and the availability of the unshared electrons on the a-N neighboring atom enhances reactions that involve nucleophilic displacements at tetravalent OP compounds (known also as the a-effect). In view of the fact that the concentration of the oximate ion depends on the oxime s pATa and on the reaction pH, and since the pKs also reflects the affinity of the oximate ion for the electrophile, such as tetra valent OP, the theoretical relationship between the pATa and the nucleophilicity parameter was analyzed by Wilson and Froede . They proposed that for each type of OP, at a given pH, there is an optimum pK value of an oxime nucleophile that will provide a maximal reaction rate. The dissociation constants of potent reactivators, such as 38-43 (with pA a values of 7.0-8.5), are close to this optimum pK, and can be calculated, at pH = 7.4, from pKg = — log[l//3 — 1] -h 7.4, where is the OP electrophile susceptibility factor, known as the Brpnsted coefficient. If the above relationship holds also for the reactivation kinetics of the tetravalent OP-AChE conjugate (see equation 20), it would be important to estimate the magnitude of the effect of changes in oxime pX a on the rate of reactivation, and to address two questions (a) How do changes in the dissociation constants of oximes affect the rate of reactivation (b) What is the impact of the /3 value, that ranges from 0.1 to 0.9 for the various OPs, on the relationship between the pKg, and the rate of reactivation To this end, Table 3 summarizes some theoretical calculations for the pK. ... 

Junaid, M. A., Kowal, D., Barua, M., Pullartkat, P. S., Brooks, S. S., and Pullartkat, R. K. (2004). Proteomic studies identified a sungle nucleotide polymorphism in glyoxalase 1 as autism susceptibility factor. Am.. Med. Genet. 131A, 11-17. 

Susceptibility Factors that can increase or decrease the adverse effects of an agent Developing organism, childhood, genetics... 

Autrup H (2000) Genetic polymorphisms in human xenobiotica metabolizing enzymes as susceptibility factors in toxic response. Mutat Res, 464(1) 65-76. 

As indicated below, 1-naphthylamine and quinoline exhibit very different susceptibility factors p (2.81 versus 5.90) in the corresponding Hammett equations. Try to explain this fact. 

Susceptibility factors for adverse effects are as for glucocorticoids. In addition, patients with a known allergic tendency should preferably not receive these substances, unless sufficient supervision is possible to cope with unexpected allergic reactions, at least until tolerance has been demonstrated. 

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