Thl response

Zhao X, Deak E, Soderberg K, et al. Vaginal submucosal dendritic cells, but not Langerhans cells, induce protective Thl responses to herpes simplex virus-2. J Exp Med 2003 197(2) 153-162. 

Takeda, K., Tsutsui, H., Yoshimoto, T., Adachi, O., Yoshida, N., Kishimoto, T., Okamura, H., Nakanishi, K. and Akira, S. (1998) Defective NKcell activity and Thl response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity 8, 383-390. 

Wittmann M, Alter M, Stunkel T, Kapp A, Werfel T Cell-to-cell contact between activated CD4+ T lymphocytes and unprimed monocytes interferes with a THl response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 965-973. 

McKeeAS,PearceEJ CD25+CD4 + cells contribute to Th2 polarization during helminth infection by suppressing Thl response development. J Immunol 2004 173 1224-1231. 

Kilmartin, C., Lynch, S., Abuzakouk, M., Wieser, H., and Feighery, C. (2003). Avenin fails to induce a Thl response in coeliac tissue following in vitro culture. Gut 52, 47-52. 

OE208 Batanero, E., P. Barral, M. Villalba, and R. Rodriguez. Encapsulation of Ole e-1 in biodegradable microparticles induces Thl response in mice a potential vaccine for allergy. J Control Release 2003 92(3) 395-398. 

In a more recent study, Webster et al. (2006) report the expression and characterization of lettuce-derived measles vaccine. The MV-H protein expressed in lettuce was demonstrated to be immunogenic in mice following intraperitoneal injection in the absence of adjuvant in addition to intranasal inoculation in the presence of a mucosal adjuvant. The highest response was observed in mice primed first with MV-H DNA and then boosted with an oral formulation of freeze-dried MV-H lettuce in conjunction with a mucosal adjuvant. In addition to this, the type of immune response was found to depend largely on the manner in which MV-H is presented to the immune system. Secreted and soluble forms of MV-H were demonstrated to induce a Th2 type response, while membrane-bound MV-H protein was found to be associated with a Thl response. 

Interleukin-24 (IL-24) Induces tumor apoptosis, induces THl responses... 

Bacterial DNA, long a component of the earlier whole cell vaccines, has been shown to have an immunostimulatory effect on immune cells and is a potent inducer of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12. Monophosphoryl A, a component of mycobacterial cell walls, reacts with receptors on antigen producing cells and generates a Thl response due to the production of IL-2 and IFN-y. 

It has recently been established that bacterial DNA, but not vertebrate DNA, has direct immunostimulatory effects on leukocytes in vitro. The immunostimulatory effect is due to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, which are underrepresented and methylated in vertebrate DNA. CpG DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides from a variety of sources have shown significant promise as new adjuvants (10-12). CpG induces a strong Thl response, mainly by stimulating cytokine induction and through the expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. CpG is currently in clinical trials and may become part of a licensed product in the future. 

Oral administration of the hot-water extracts in mice suppressed the immunoglobulin E (IgE) production against casein antigen, accompanied by increased IFNy and IL-12 mRNA expression [26], Oral administration of the extracts enhanced Thl response to casein in the spleen of casein-immunized mice. The hot-water extracts may be useful for the pre-... 

The increased expression of IL-12 in chronic AD skin lesions is of interest since this cytokine plays a key role in the Thl cell development. For these reasons the induction of Thl response by allergen-specific IT [54] may be theoretically... 

Jakob, T., Walker, P.S., Krieg, A.M., Udey, M.C. and Vogel, J.C. (1998) Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides a role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Thl responses by immunostimulatory DNA. J. Immunol., 161, 3042-3049. 

Zimmermann, S., Egeter, O., Hausmann, S., Lipford, G.B., Rocken, M., Wagner, H. and Heeg, K. (1998) CpG oligodeoxynucleotides trigger protective and curative Thl responses in lethal murine leishmaniasis. J. Immunol., 160, 3627-3630. 

Brand, U., Bellinghausen, I., Enk, A. H. et al. 1999. Allergen specific immune deviation from a Th2 to a Thl response induced by dendritic cells and collagen type. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 1052-1059. 

Many studies showed that peptidoglycan in the cell wall stimulates macrophages, antibody formation, and T lymphocyte activity entering the intestine (Dziarski 1991). Certain strains of LAB induce pro-Thl responses, promoted through the receptor-mediated cytokine pathway, and the ability of individual cell wall compounds to induce pro-IFN cytokines (especially IL-12) at a sub-inflammatory level. However, it should be realized that other indirect LAB-induced modulatory mechanisms may also be operative in combating atopy, such as their ability to liberate de novo immunoregulatory peptides from major food proteins via enzymatic hydrolysis. This mechanism has been demonstrated experimentally for some LAB (Matar et al. 1996, Rokka et al. 1997). 

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