Thermoset polyester resins

Saturated polyester resins (alkyd or glyptal resins) are made from polyalcohols with a functionality of 3 or more (e.g. glycerol, pentaerythritol (C(CH20H)4), sorbitol) with dicarboxylic acids (e.g. succinic, maleic, phthalic acids). The reaction is allowed to proceed to a viscous oil which can be applied as a coating, adhesive, etc., and then heated or cured to a thermoset. 

Unsaturated polyester resins are a combination of a diol (e.g. propylene glycol, diethylene glycol) with a mixture of saturated (e.g. phthalic, adipic) and unsaturated (e.g. maleic, fumaric) dicarboxylic acids. The resin is polymerized to a viscous gum which can then be cured by peroxides and accelerators—i.e. 

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Thermosetting Polyester Resins 2.1.2.3.1 Unsaturated Polyester Resins... 

Thermoplastic resins, self-reinforced, 26 Thermoplastics, preparation of, 257-258 Thermoplastic step-growth polymers, 3 Thermosetting polyester resins, 29-31 Thermosetting resins, 3-4, 19 Thermotropic compounds, 49 THF. See Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Thiobisphenol S (TBPS), 364 Thionyl chloride, 80 activation of, 111 3,3 -linked polymers, 480 Tin-amine coordination complex, 234 Tin compounds, 86, 232-233... 

A plastics material of particular application in electrical components. It consists of a thermosetting polyester resin, mineral fillers, fibrous reinforcement and a hquid crosslinking medium such as diallyl phthalate. Down-Stroking Press... 

Injection molding can be used with some thermosets in addition to thermoplastics, as long as the process can be controlled such that the crosslinking or curing takes place in the mold and not in the extruder barrel. It has been used effectively, for example, with thermosetting polyester resins. Scrap runners or defective parts must be discarded, however, as they cannot be remelted. 

To cite a practical example, 20% by mass of 12/mi diameter glass fibre coated with silver (70 nm thick) mixed in a thermosetting polyester resin gave a composite conductivity of 2.5 x 104fi-lm 1. From Equation (8.37) the calculated value is 5.3 x 104fl-lm-1, which compares reasonably well with the experiment, if one takes into account that some disintegration of the fibre is inevitable in the mixing process. 

Lem, K.W. Rheology and Curing Behavior of Thermosetting Polyester Resins. Ph.D. Dissertation, Polytech. Inst. New York, Brooklyn New York, U.S.A., 1983. 

Arotran. [Ashland] Thermoset polyester resin for resin transfer medding, automotive body panels, inner structures. 

Atlac . [Reichhold/Reactive Polymers] Thermoset polyester resins for fiberglass-reinforced structures, glass-reinforced coatings, mortars in pulp and paper, caustic-chlorine, metal treatment, filament winding, centrifugal casting of large tanks and pipe. 

Crystic Fireguard. [Scott Bader] Thermoset polyester resin surface coating resin giving fire protection to GRP laminates, timber, porous substrates. 

Hetron 197. [Ashland] Halogenaied thermoset polyester resins for corrosion resistant fiberglass-reinforced plastic equipment... 

Polylite . [Reichhold ReichhoIdChemie AG] Thermoset polyester resins cast-ing resin producing a Corian lode-alike prod. 

Silmar . PP Chem. Inc.] Thermoset polyester resins for synthetic marble, laminating applies. 

Crystic . [Scott Bader] Thermoset polyester resins for aircraft industry moldings, in elec, industry for switchgear, generator insulation, in chemical ii us-tty for chimneys, ducting, pipes, for building, land transport, boat hulls, GRP, filament winding, extrusion, gelcoat applies. 

Dion Cor-Res. [Reichhold] Thermoset polyester resin used in transportation, construction, elec., corrosion control applies., chemical process equip. 

Benzoyl peroxide is used as a source of free radicals in many organic syntheses and to initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics to cure thermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers in medicine for treating acne and for bleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats. 

The search for materials to aid in the defense effort during World War II resulted in a profound impetus for research into new plastics. Polyethylene, now one of the most important plastics in the world, was developed because of the wartime need for better-quality insulating materials for such applications as radar cable. Thermosetting polyester resins (now used for boatbuilding) were developed for military use. The terpolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), (telephone handsets, luggage. 

Battisti, A., Skordos, A.A., and Partridge, I.K. 2009a. Monitoring dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermosetting polyester resin. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 1516-1520. 

Thermosetting polyester resins are used in paints and surface coatings. In these, oxidation during drying forms a cross-linked film, which provides a tough, resistant finish. 

Chem. Descrip. Rutile titanium dioxide, stabilized with Al, Si, Zr Uses Pigment for coatings, epoxy and thermoset polyester resins, food-contact coatings/paper... 

Chem. Descrip. Thermoset polyester resin In Aromatic 150/MIBK Uses Polyester for interior/exterlor coatings plasticizer for lacquers, coil-applied coatings for metal and containers, baked metal protective coatings... 

Uses Flame retardant for thermoset polyester resins, textiles, adhesives, coatings, PU Manuf./Distrib. Albemarle http //www.albemarle.com-, Great Lakes, http //www.greatlakeschem.com Trade Name Synonyms Saytex 105 t[Albemarle http //www.albemarle.com]... 

Torolithes Thermoset polyester resins, UP Routhan Soc. Nouv. 

An additional evaluation [18] of the extension of rutile Ti02 by different fillers was conduded by assessing blister resistance in two types of liquid, thermosetting polyester resins (namely ortho- and ortho-neopentyl glycol (NPG). The performance of the filler/pigment portion of the cured polyester gel coat was compared after exposure to water at 65 °C for 1150 h (Table 13.12). Untreated kaolin provided better blister resistance than untreated talc or calcium carbonate. Vinylsilane surface-treated kaolin gave the best blister resistance, reducing the size and extent of blisters... 

AMGARD 1045 can advantageously be added to polyethylene terephthalate melt before spinning. These products are also useful flame retardants for other thermoplastics, thermoset polyester resins, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, nylon 6, and textile backcoating. 

During World War 11, people worldwide searched for materials for use in defense purposes, which provided substantial impetus for research into new plastics. Polyethylene was developed because superior-quality insulating materials were required during the war period for use in items such as radar cables. Thermosetting polyester resins were originally developed for military applications, but are now used for boat building. 

Figure 4-4. Special thermoset polyester resins sometimes demonstrate maximal resistance to high temperature and corrosion for chemical equipment uses, as for example, this carbon tetrachloride storage glass-fiber-reinforced plastic tank.

Table 6-5. The Range of Properties Available Using Different Reinforced Thermoset Polyester Resins...

Unsaturated low molecular weight (M between 1000 and 10000), often branched, used as macromonomers for synthesis of thermosets (polyester resins), or thermosetting materials by themselves (alkyd resins). They are prepared from several monomers, namely phthalic and maleic anhydrides, adipic acid, iso-phthalic acid, natural fatty acids or triglycerides, and a great variety of multifunctional alcohols. In a few special cases, they may be saturated and/or linear for use as macromonomers in the production of polyurethanes or other polymers. 

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