Thermoplastic composite recyclates

Thermoplastics and thermoplastic composite recyclates mechanical and calorific properties... 

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 13, No.2, March 2000, p.92-101 TERTIARY RECYCLING OF AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES... 

Recycling of glass fibre-reinforced plastics is reviewed, with special emphasis on remelting of thermoplastic composites, mechanical recycling of thermoset composites, depolymerisation and dissolution of thermosets and thermoplastics, closed loop recycling of glass, and the use of glass as a mechanical compatibiliser. 32 refs. 

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 7, No.l, Jan.l994,p.64-74 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL RECYCLING AS A SINK FOR PROBLEMATIC WASTE FROM FIBRE-REINFORCED PLASTICS Menges G... 

Recycling more effective solutions are sought. The development of the mono-material concept is favourable to thermoplastics and self-reinforcing thermoplastic composites such as self-reinforced polypropylene (Curv from BP). 

The use of thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites makes it possible to satisfy some of the requirements listed above, provided all the players are involved from the beginning of the project and problems such as the process of transformation and downstream recycling are taken into account from the start of the design phase. 

To achieve greater market penetration, thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites must enhance prices, performances, characteristics, productivity, ease of processing and recycling. Among the ways to success we can cite ... 

From a practical point of view, the recycling of thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites... 

An important aspect of the composite world is the issue of recycling [4]. Kemmochi et al [5,6] examined the possibility of closed loop material recycling for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and Allred et al [7] have developed a tertiary recycling process. 

Kemmochi K, Takayanagi H, Nagasawa C, Takahashi J, Hayashi R, Possibility of closed loop material recycling for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Advanced Performance Materials, 2(4), 385-394, Oct 1995. 

In this work we presented a methodology that can be used to predict the properties of thermoplastics composites made with mixtures of recycled and virgin polymers. The algorithms developped perform equally well when recycling leads to a catastrophic failure of the properties or when these properties stabilize after a number of cycles. 

Despite significant improvement in properties, disposal and recycling problems, combined environmental and societal concerns make continued use of petroleum-based nanocomposites unattractive. As a consequence, natural fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites have been intensively studied in the last... 

M. Valente, F. Sarasini, F. Marra, J, Tirilo, and G. Pulci, Hybrid recycled glass fiber/wood flour thermoplastic composites Manufacturing and mechanical characterization. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf 42,649-657 (2011). 

A number of reviews have been studied on the potential of natural fibers such as sisal, kenaf, hemp, flax, bamboo, and jute for the preparation of thermoplastic composites. In this work, however sisal fiber (SF) has been used as reinforcement due to easily availability and comparatively low cost. The xmtreated and treated SF-reinforced RPP composites have been prepared and investigated their thermal, mechanical, morphological, weathering and impact properties. An improved mechanical, thermal, and morphological property has been observed for chemical treated SF as well as clay loaded RPP. The analysis revealed that SF-reinforced RPP composites with enhanced properties can be successfully achieved which warrants to replace the synthetic fillers-based conventional thermoplastic composites. These SF-based RPP composites can be the material of choice in the field of aeronautic, automobiles, civil engineering, etc., due to its low cost, low density, non-toxicity, recyclability, acceptable strength, high specific properties, and minimum waste disposal problems. 

JM Henshaw, W Han, AD Owens. An overview of recycling issues for composite materials. J Thermoplastic Composite Materials 9 4-20, 1996. 

A Adewole, K Dackson, M Kolkowicz. The effect of GFR (glass-fiber-reinforcement) on the composition-property balance of compatibilized recycled polyolefinic blends. J Thermoplastic Composite Materials 8 272-292, 1995. 

The use of waste wood and post-consumer thermoplastics will help to solve the severe environmental and recycling problems. The increasing concern about our environment promotes recycling of thermoplastics for lignocellulosic-thermoplastic composites... 

Henshaw J. M. and Han W. (1996), An Overview of Recycling Issues for Composites Materials , Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol.9, 4-20, January. 

The reinforcing fibers in composites offer unique properties but create complications in recycling. Thermoplastic composites have the potential of primary and secondary recycling since the reprocessing of waste can result in a prodnct with the same or comparable properties, whereas thermoset... 

An exceptional advantage of self-reinforced thermoplastic composites is that they can be thermally recycled, but also reprocessed due to their polymer purity. This can be done by either returning the composite to a melted state or by simply re-granulating it. Thus, this process does without the complicated and expensive separation of the components, because an actual single-material system is on hand. Such a simple and useful recycling concept (in regard to material reuse) for the quantities currently in circulation has yet to be developed for the established foreign fiber reinforced thermoplastics. 

Although thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites are potentially easy and economical to recycle, in practice there are some impediments to the implementation of widespread recycling. The main one is that the used materials must be collected, separated and cleaned economically. This is feasible in some instances but often it is not. In general, polymers are immiscible with one another, and, if melt processed as a mixture, the result is phase separation to give domains of one polymer in the other. This morphology leads to rather poor mechanical properties. Therefore, there are efforts to find better separation techniques in order to avoid the problem or to use compatibilisers [152] that lower the interfacial tension, improve the adhesion of the two phases, and encourage smaller domains of the disperse phase. 

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