Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics

The formation of a fibrillar structure in TLCP blends makes the mechanical properties of this kind of composites similar to those of conventional fiber reinforced thermoplastics [11,26]. However, because the molecular orientation and fibrillation of TLCPs are generally flow-induced, the formation, distribution, and alignment of these droplets and fibers are considerably more processing-dependent. We do not know ... 

Short fiber reinforcement of TPEs has recently opened up a new era in the field of polymer technology. Vajrasthira et al. [22] studied the fiber-matrix interactions in short aramid fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. Campbell and Goettler [23] reported the reinforcement of TPE matrix by Santoweb fibers, whereas Akhtar et al. [24] reported the reinforcement of a TPE matrix by short silk fiber. The reinforcement of thermoplastic co-polyester and TPU by short aramid fiber was reported by Watson and Prances [25]. Roy and coworkers [26-28] studied the rheological, hysteresis, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical behavior of short carbon fiber-filled styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers and TPEs derived from NR and high-density polyethylene (HOPE) blends. 

Campbell, J.M. and Goettler, L.A., Proc. of PRI National Conference on Short-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics, Brunei University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom. Paper 14, 1985. 

Wolf, H. J., Shortening of fibers in processing of fiber reinforced thermoplastics, Kunststoffe, 83, 69-72 (1993). 

Figure 15.1 Glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyesters applications (numbers represent percentages) [1]...

Fig. 6.10. Schematics of the dependence of total fracture toughness, on fiber volume fraction of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites at different loading rates (a) static loading (b) dynamic...

Lauke B., Schultrich B. and Barthel R, (1985). Contribution to the micromechanical interpretation of fracture work of short-fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Composites Sci. Technol. 23, 21-35. 

Lauke B. and Schultrich B. (1986b). Fracture toughness of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Composites. Sci. Technol. 26, 37-57. 

Mandell 3.F., Darwish, A.Y. and McGarry F.3. (1981). Fracture testing of injection-molded glass and carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. In Testing Methods and Design Allowable for Fibrous Composites, ASTM STP 734 (C.C. Chamis ed.), ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 73 90. 

Ramsleiner F. and Theysohn R. (1979). Tensile and impact strength of uni-directional short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Composites 10, 111-119. 

Sato N., Kurauchi T., and Kamigaito O. (1985). In situ SEM observation of fracture in short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. In Fracture Mechanics Sixteenth Symposium, ASTM STP 868 (M.F. Kanninen and A.T. Hopper, eds.), ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 493-503. 

Howes, J.C., Loos, A.C. Interfacial Strength Development in Thermoplastic Resins and Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites (1987) Blacksburg, Virginia, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University... 

Fig. 11.24 The effects of the fiber aspect ratio, at constant 30% wt loading, on glass-filled polyamide-6. [Reprinted by permission from H. M. Latin, Orientation Effects and Rheology of Short Glass Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastics, Colloid Polym. Sci., 267, 257 (1984).]...

Fig. 11.30 Effect of preheating 50% by weight E-glass fiber-filled polyamide pulltruded pellets on fiber lengths at the screw tip of a 300-ton 23.86-oz reciprocating injection molding machine. [Reprinted by permission from C. G. Gogos, C. K. Yoon, and J. Brizzolara, Injection Molding Process Development for Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics, SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers, 40, 384 (1994).]...

H. M. Laun, Orientation Effects and Rheology of Short Glass Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastics, Colloid Polym. Sci., 262, 257-269 (1984). 

C. G. Gogos, C. K. Yoon, and J. Brizzolara, Injection Molding Process Development for Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics, SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers, 40, 384 (1994). 

Crosby JM, Hutchins MK (1986) Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics containing silicone interpenetrating polymer networks. EP Patent 194350... 

The process of injection molding (IM) is used principally for processing unreinforced or glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics (TPs) and thermosets (TSs) (Figure 4.1). Up to at least 90wt% of all plastics processed are TPs. There are many different types or designs of IM machines (IMMs) that permit molding many different products based on factors such as quantities, sizes (such as auto bumpers to medical micro products), shapes (simple to complex), product performances, and/or economics.1,150>157,173 176 476... 

Back compression is a process based on compression molding (Chapter 14) of a melt strip deposited in an open mold. It describes the process during which a cover stock cutting is placed on a melt strip for simultaneous compression molding and lamination of parts. Melt strip deposition also includes fiber reinforced thermoplastic stock with subsequent compression molding of non-laminated structural parts. 

Friedrich, K. Microstructure and Fracture of Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyethylene Terephthalate, Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, U.S.A., Report No. CCM-80-17, 1980... 

FIG. 4. Conceivable applications of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites in cars (NMT=natural fiber mat reinforced thermoplastic TP NF=natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic)... 

NMT=natural fiber mat reinforced thermoplastic TP NF=natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic)... 

U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,772 [75] discloses a cellulose-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composition for compression molding, where thermoplastic material is polypropylene, or a mixture of polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene (40-90% of plastic by weight), and the cellulosic material (10-60% by weight) was milled scrap newspaper with an initial moisture content of at least 30% by weight. The patentees suggest that lignin present in the cellulosic scrap provides a coherent mass of thermoplastic and cellulosic material. 

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