Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy C, CT Sound speed Joule-Thomson Therm, cond. Viscosity 

The uncertainties in density of the equation of state range from 0.02% in the liquid and most of the vapor phase to 0.1% for supercritical states. At p 100 MPa, the uncertainty in density is 0.5%. The uncertainty in heat capacity is 3% in the liquid phase, 0.2% in the vapor phase, and as high as 5% in the supercritical region at higher pressures. For the speed of sound, the uncertainty is 0.05 to 0.1% in the vapor phase, rising to 3% in the liquid phase. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is less than 0.05% above 140 K. The uncertainty in viscosity is 5%, increasing to 10% in the dense liquid. The uncertainty in thermal conductivity is 5%, increasing to 10% in the dense liquid. 

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Hypercompressors. In an LDPE plant a primary compressor, usually of two stages, is used to raise the pressure of ethylene to about 25—30 MPa and a secondary compressor, often referred to as a hypetcomptessot, is used to increase it to 150—315 MPa (22,000—45,700 psi). The thermodynamic properties of ethylene ate such that the secondary compressor requires only two stages and this results in a large pressure difference between the second stage suction and discharge pressures. 

Thermodynamical Properties of Ethylenes Substituted by Heteroatoms or Functional Groups (in kcal mol"1)... 

Gladden, J. K. Ghaffari, F. Excess thermodynamic properties of ethylene diamine - ethylene glycol solutions at 25.deg.C J. Chem. Eng. Data 1972,17, 468-471... 

Figure 56. Dependence of the thermodynamic properties of HC1 on co-solvent mole fraction in ethylene glycol + water mixtures at 298 K (Stern and Nobilione, 1968).

Recent investigations have shed light on peculiarities of the NOS action mechanism the role of the H4B cofactor and CaM, and cooperativity in kinetic and thermodynamic properties of different components of the nitric oxide synthesis system. Stop flow experiments with eNOS (Abu-Soud et al., 2000) showed that calmodulin binding caused an increase in NADH-dependent flavin reduction from 0.13 to 86 s 1 at 10 °C. Under such conditions, in the presence of Arg, heme is reduced very slowly (0.005 s 1). Heme complex formation requires a relatively high concentration ofNO (>50 nM) and inhibits the entire process NADH oxidation and citrulline synthesis decreases 3-fold and Km increases 3-fold. NOS reactions were monitored at subzero temperatures in the presence of 50% ethylene glycol as an anti-freeze solvent (Bee et al., 1998). 

Ambrose, D., Hall, D.J. (1981) Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. L. The vapour pressures of 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (diethylene glycol). J. Chem. Thermodyn. 13, 61-66. 

Temkin and co-workers have investigated the thermodynamic properties of the soluble complexes of unsaturated hydrocarbons with various metal salts with particular reference to their role in catalytic reactions. Using a potentio-metric technique, they were able to calculate the thermodynamic data shown in Table 6 for the silver(I)-acetylene complexes 30) and the silver(I)-ethylene complex 31). The results obtained for acetylene have been related to the low activity of silver salts as catalysts for the hydration of acetylene. For the sil-ver(I)-ethylene complex, the relationship between the ionic concentrations and... 

Should have similar thermodynamic properties to ethylene glycol + water mixtures (so that the size of the radiator will not have to be changed)... 

Converted from Jacobsen, R. T., M. Jahangiri, et al, Ethylene—Inti Thermodyn. Tables of the Fluid State—10, Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, U.K., 1988 (299 pp.). Saturation and superheat tables and a diagram to 100 bar, 460 K are given by Reynolds, W. C., Thermodynamic properties in S.I., Stanford Univ. publ., 1979 (173 pp.). Saturation and superheat tables and acHartto 6000 psia, 360°F appear in Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1986 (521 pp.). For specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity, see Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, 1993. 

The solubility and thermodynamic properties of various gases in [BMIM][PFg] has been determined using a gravimetric microbalance [4]. Essentially, the solubility of CO2 (particularly relevant as a carbon source) was very high, with reasonable solubilities observed for ethylene, ethane, and methane and low solubilities for oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen (H2 could not be detected). Subsequently, Henry coefficient solubility constants ofhydrogen in [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][PFg]... 

WEI Weidner, E. and Wiesmet, V., Phase equihbrium (solid-liquid-gas) in binary systems of poly(ethylene glycol)s, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether with carbon dioxide, propane, and nitrogen, in Thermodynamic Properties of Complex Fluid Mixtures, Wiley-VCH, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Ed. G. Maurer, 2004, 511. 

ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMER. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS - PART 4. 

SAD Sadeghi, R., Hosseini, R., and Jamebbozoig, B., Effect of sodium phosphate salts on the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) 6000 at different temperatures, J. Chem. Thermo(fyn., 40, 1364, 2008. 

Silva, L. B. Freitas, L. C. G., Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Ethylene Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate by Monte Carlo Simulations. J. Mol. Stmct.-Theochem 2007, 806, 23-34. 

During the years 1992-1998, numerous publications emerged from Prof. Graessley s laboratory. The model PEs with different stmctures (see Fig. 18.10) were commercial (e.g., HDPE or PP) or from laboratory (e.g., hydrogenation/deuteration of diolefins, anionic reaction for PIB, Z-N catalysis using a V-based catalyst in Cg for poly (ethylene-co-a-olefin) or later a metallocene catalyst. The thermodynamic properties of numerous PO blends were extracted from the pressuie-volume-temperature (PVT) data (Walsh et al. 1992 Krishnamoorti et al. 1996) or from SANS results (Krishnamoorti et al. 1994, 1995 Graessley et al. 1994, 1995 Reichart et al. 1997 Alamo et al. 1997). 

Johnson, L.K., Killian, C.M. and Brookhart, M. (1995) New Pd(II)-based and Ni(II)-based catalysts for polymerization of ethylene and alpha-olefins. Journal of the American Chemical Society 117,6414-6415. Wunderlich, B. and Poland, D. (1963) Thermodynamics of crystalline linear high polymers. 2. Influence of copolymer units on thermodynamic properties of polyethylene. Journal of Polymer Science Part a-General Papers 1, 357. 

The two monomers of major interest, styrene and ethylene, are well known and details can be found on all aspects of their technology elsewhere. Poly(ethylene-co-styrene) is primarily produced via solution polymerization techniques using metallocene catalyst/co-catalyst systems, analogous to the production of copolymers of ethylene with a-olefin monomers. Solvents that can be employed include ethyl-benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, and mixed alkanes (such as ISO PAR E, available from Exxon). The thermodynamic properties of poly(ethylene-co-styrene), including solvent interactions and solubility parameter assessments, are important factors in relation to polymer manufacture and processing, and have been reported by Hamedi and co-workers (41). 

Borstar is an industrial olefin polymerization plant/technology, which combines different polymerization processes and reactor units, utilizing an advanced catalytic system. In the present work, a detailed model for the dynamic and steady-state simulation of this industrial plant has been developed. A comprehensive kinetic model for the ethylene-1-butene copolymerization over a two-site catalyst was employed to predict the MWD and CCD in the Borstar process. The Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state (S-L EoS) was employed for the thermodynamic properties of the polymerization system and the phase equilibrium calculations in the process units. 

Rabinovich s collection of data includes some thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide, water, lithium, mercury, ethylene, butene, halogenated monosilanes and methanes, liquid ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, and the densities of liquid alkali metals. 

Substances considered in a compilation of the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants include hydrogen, parahydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, air, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (e.g. methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, ethylene, and propene), and fluoro-and fluoro-chloro-hydrocarbons. Properties listed include those for the liquid and saturated vapour, superheated vapour, and unsaturated vapour. In addition, pressure-enthalpy, and in some instances pressure-entropy, diagrams are provided. 

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