Thermo Electron

Sequential instruments. The diagram of the light path of the Thermo Electron-200 ICP spectrometer is shown in Fig. 20.14. The plasma is located in the upper centre of the instrument just above the nebuliser, which is powered by a computer-controlled peristaltic pump. Communication with the instrument takes place on a video display, which not only guides the operator through the use of the system, but also provides graphics to simplify methods development. 

All instruments should be equipped with a background correction facility. Virtually all instruments now have a deuterium arc background correction. The Zeeman system is also available in instruments marketed by the Perkin-Elmer Corporation and the Smith-Hieftje system by Thermo Electron Ltd. 

Kinetica Thermo Electron Corporation http //www.thermo.com... 

VL medium, pH 6 4, with or without cells was incubated in sealed tubes for 10 hrs at 37 C NDMA was determined by gas chromatography with the Thermal Energy Analyzer as a detector (Thermo Electron Corp, Waltham, MA). The identity of NDMA was confirmed by 6C mass spectrometry. 

Nitrosamine standards were obtained from Thermo Electron Corp. (Waltham, MA) and diluted to appropriate concentrations with DCM. N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) and NDELA were prepared by the Eppley Institute Chemical Services Unit. 

GC-TEA Analysis. A Bendix model 2200 GC and Thermo Electron model 502 TEA were used. The GC injector temperature was 210 C. The TEA pyrolysis furnace was operated at 450 C and the cold trap was held at -150 C in isopentane slush. Oxygen flow to the ozonator was 20 cc/min and indicated pressure was 1.5 torr at a helium flow rate of 20 cc/min. TEA output was processed by a digital integrator (Spectra Physics System I). 

Michael Story is retired from Thermo Electron Corporation. He was involved in the research, design, and commercialization of mass spectrometers for 37 years, and is a cofounder of the Finnigan Corporation. He was a member of previous NRC committees on commercial aviation security (1988-1993) and chaired the Panel on Test Protocol and Performance Criteria. 

Figure 4.4 Chromatogram of a mixture of polysiloxane oligomers analysed by SFC. Reproduced by permission of Thermo Electron Corporation...

E. Jiang, Principles, Experiments and Applications Based on Research-Grade Nicolet FT-IR Spectrometers, Thermo Electron, Madison, WI (2003). 

The LCQ and LCQ DECA are products of Thermo Electron Corporation (San Jose, CA) the Q-TOF is a product of Waters (Beverly, MA) the QSTAR, ProQUANT, and ProICAT are products of Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA) and Spectrum Mill and the MSD TRAP XCT are products of Agilent Technologies (Palo Alto, CA). 

Due to the limited peak capacity of the 15 cm analytical column utilized in 2-D nano LC-MS, several elution steps are required to achieve the required separation. The 15 cm analytical column can be replaced with a 100 cm nano LC column to increase the resolution of sample in each step. As shown by Yang,20 a 100 cm column allows the one-step separation of more than 2000 polypeptides from trypsin digest of mouse brain lysate, P2 fraction using XtremeSimple ultrahigh pressure nano LC (Micro-Tech Scientific, Vista, California) and LTQ MS (Thermo Electron, San Jose, California) in 6 hr (Figure 14.16). In addition to the improvement of resolving power with a 100 cm column, it... 

FIGURE 14.17 Ultrahigh resolution nano LC-MS separation of base peak chromatogram of 2351 peptides identified in trypsin digest of mouse brain lysate P2 fraction using Micro-Tech XtremeSimple nano-LC and Thermo Electron LTQ. Column 100 cm x 75 fim C18 column, 3 /mi, 8000 psi column head pressure. Solvent composition time 350 min gradient, 5 to 35% B. Solvent A 2% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid. Solvent B 95% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid. Data analysis Sequest, PeptideProphet, and Protein Prophet. 

Figure 3.4 Schematic comparison of limits of detection (LoD) in solution (log ppb) for various absorption/emission spectrometries. For each technique, the solid box encompasses the majority of elements reported. A few relevant elements have been marked on specifically at the upper and lower end of the range for each technique. Note that LoD can vary for the same element depending on matrix and analytical conditions, and that not all elements are detectable by every technique. Data courtesy Thermo Electron Corporation from PDF file ( AAS, FAAS, ICP or ICP-MS Which technique should I use ) posted on TJA Solutions website in 2000.

Flame (direct injection) Thermo-electron IL 157 single channel IL 357 single beam IL 457 single channel double beam Video 11 single channel single beam Video 12 single channel double beam Video 22 two double channels... 

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected via a Siemens D5005 diffractometer with CuKa radiation (A. = 1.5418 A). Routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Z-contrast microscopy were carried out using an HITACH HD-2000 scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) operated at 200 kV. Nitrogen gas adsorption measurements (Micromeritics Gemini) were used to determine the surface area and porosity of the catalyst supports. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis was performed via an IRIS Intrepid II XSP spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corporation). 

Fig. 4.17. The Right Hand Rule (I thumb, B index finger, Fl middle finger) to determine the direction of the Lorentz Force (a) the current corresponds to the direction where positive charges move, i.e., the figure directly applies for positive ions, (b) A real magnet yoke without coils and flight tube. With kind permission of Thermo Electron (Bremen) GmbH, (left) and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies, Manchester, UK (right).

Fig. 4.26. Types and shapes of ion optical elements used in magnetic sector instruments. By courtesy of Thermo Electron (Bremen) GmbH.

LITs capable of scanning, axial or radial excitation of ions, and precursor ion selection for MS/MS experiments [118,134-136] have lately been incorporated in commercial mass spectrometers (Fig. 4.39). The replacement of Q3 in a QqQ instrument with a scanning LIT, for example, enhances its sensitivity and offers new modes of operation (Applied Biosystems Q-Trap). Introduction of a scanning LIT [118,135] as MSI in front of an FT-ICR instrument (Thermo Electron LTQ-FT) shields the ultrahigh vacuum of the FT-ICR from collision gas and decomposition products in order to operate under optimum conditions. In addition, the LIT accumulates and eventually mass-selects ions for the next cycle while the ICR cell is still busy with the previous ion package. 

The next higher level of performance can be achieved by replacing the oaTOF MS2 with an FT-ICR analyzer while employing a linear ion trap (Thermo Electron LTQ-FT) or a quadmpole as MSI (Bruker Daltonik APEX-Q). 

Fig. 5.9 Design of the chip-based enzyme ESI-MS assay. MS instrument Ion-trap mass spectrometer (LCQ Deca, Thermo Electron). I Sample components/inhibitors injected by flow injection or eluting from capillary HPLC column. E Infusion pump delivering the enzyme cathepsin B. S infusion pump delivering the substrate Z-FR-AMC. Micro-chip design Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Micro-chip production Micronit Microfluidics BV (Enschede, The Netherlands).

Fig. 5.15 Analytical set-up for on-line label-free assay based on ESI-MS. MS instrument Ion-trap mass spectrometer (LCQ Deca, Thermo Electron). PI Carrier/HPLC pump. P2 HPLC pump delivering receptor solution. P3 HPLC pump delivering dissociation solution. PA HPLC pump for final LC-MS analysis of released ligands. 1 Mixing union. 2 Microcoil reactor. VI injection valve.

Fig. 5.17 Demonstration of MS-based bioassay functionality using a plant extract. MS instrument Ion-trap mass spectrometer (LCQ Deca, Thermo Electron), (a) MS analysis of pure extract by direct injection onto restricted-access column 2 in the absence of affinity protein, (b) Analysis of the same natural extract spiked with digoxin using the label-free MS assay method as shown in Fig. 5.15.

Cancer Research Division, Thermo Electron Corporation, 45 First Avenue, Waltham, MA 02154... 

Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA (formerly Fisher Scientific and Thermo Electron). The number one company in this field [sales > 9 billion (2007,E)] supplies biochemicals and bioreagents organic and inorganic chemicals (of which >15,000 fine organic chemicals) sera cell culture media sterile liquid-handling systems microbiology media and related products scientific consumable products, instruments, and equipment. 

Table 5 is a more comprehensive compilation of the DMN content of some herbicides formulated as the dimethylamine salts (53). Five out of six formulations of 2,4-D contained DMN at levels of between 60 and 370 Pg/l. All four formulations of MCPA contained DMN at levels of between 250 and 650 yg/1. DMN levels of between 187,000 and 640,00 yg/1 were found in formulations of 2,3, 6-trichlorobenzoic acid which had been stored in metal cans to which sodium nitrite had been added. Table 5 represents a comparative study between an EPA laboratory and Thermo Electron. The decrease of the DMN level for any one compound reflects the success of the manufacturers in decreasing the DMN contamination (60). 

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