The Flower

Using normal daylight from a north window, the blue-purple flower color corresponds well to the full hue or lighter tints of Color No. 41, Lobelia Blue, and the purplish-red (or pink) colors of the mutants fall most often within the range of tints to full hue to Color No. 32, Petunia Purple, 30,36) as described in the Horticulture Colour Chart. 4) 

These flower colors and the color of the stamen hairs may vary greatly in intensity. These intensity changes are probably due to variations in the growing conditions i.e., it was observed that petal color appears intensified in plants grown at cooler temperatures and more dilute at higher temperatures. Occasionally, faintly colored flowers or stamen hairs show up among deeply hued flowers in both experimental and control cuttings. In most cases, these should be discarded. 

Bud development in the inflorescence of Tradescantia clone 02 proceeds in an orderly and continuous sequence from bud initiation to an-thesis, with the youngest buds at the base of the inflorescence 8,43) (Figs. 2A and 3). The development is very similar to that described in detail for T. paludosa. 4) An inflorescence on a potted plant may produce flowers and initiate new buds for over 5 months, ultimately producing as many as 140 or more flowers if the flowers are picked daily. 

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C. Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents. Flavone occurs naturally as dust on the flowers and leaves of primulas. It has been prepared from o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde. 

Pyrethrms are a group of naturally occurring insecticidal substances found in the flowers of vanous plants of the chrysanthemum family The following is the structure of a typical pyrethnn cmerin I (exclusive of stereochemistry)... 

Broom com is the fiber obtained from the flower head of another grass, Sorgum vulgare technicum grown in the United States. The fibers are less stiff than those of the broom root and are used in brooms. 

Vanilla. Vanilla is the dried, cured, fuU-sized, but not fully ripe fmit pods (beans) of Vanillaplanifolia And. and V. tahitensis J. W. Moore (Orchidaceae). The vine is native to the tropical rain forests of southern Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America. Plantings were started in Madagascar, Reunion, Java, Mauritius, and Zanzibar in 1840. The Madagascar-type bean is stUl the most important, but Indonesia produces more than Malagasy. The stmcture of the flower prevents self-pollination and therefore, where insects are not prevalent, hand pollination is necessary. 

Essentia.1 Oils. Essential oils (qv) are extracted from the flower, leaf, bark, fmit peel, or root of a plant to produce flavors such as mint, lemon, orange, clove, cinnamon, and ginger. These volatile oils are removed from plants either via steam distillation, or using the cold press method, which avoids heat degradation. Additional processing is sometimes employed to remove the unwanted elements from the oils, such as the terpenes in citms oils which are vulnerable to oxidation (49,50). 

Sandalwood Oil, East Indian. The use of sandalwood oil for its perfumery value is ancient, probably extending back some 4000 years. Oil from the powdered wood and roots of the tree Santalum album L. is produced primarily in India, under government control. Good quaUty oil is a pale yellow to yellow viscous Hquid characterized by an extremely soft, sweet—woody, almost ariimal—balsarnic odor. The extreme tenacity of the aroma makes it an ideal blender—fixative for woody-Oriental—floral fragrance bases. It also finds extensive use for the codistillation of other essential oils, such as rose, especially in India. There the so-called attars are made with sandalwood oil distilled over the flowers or by distillation of these flowers into sandalwood oil. The principal constituents of sandalwood oil are shown in Table 11 (37) and Figure 2. 

Lavender Oil Spike. Also known as spike oil, lavender oil spike is obtained by steam distillation of the flowering tops of l vandula latijolia Vik., which grows wild and is also cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region, with most production in Spain and France. There was a time when spike oil, particularly Spanish lavender oil [8016-78-2] found extensive use in soap perfumery however, with the introduction of the less expensive lavandin oil, a hybrid of tme lavender (L. angustifolid) and L. latijolia, utilization of spike oil in perfumery has been reduced appreciably. French spike oil, a more dehcate version, still finds considerable use in functional and industrial perfumery. A comparison of the volatiles of a commercial Spanish oil and a... 

L v ndin. Lavandin, Lavandula hjbrida as a plant species is of recent origin, unknown until the late 1920s. It is a hybrid of two common lavenders, l vandula officinalis and l vandula latifolia. Lavandin is cultivated mainly ia southern France and has become one of the most produced and used natural perfumery materials. The flowering tops of the shmb are used to produce a concrete, an absolute, and a steam-distilled oil the last is by far the most used. Low cost and refreshing odor quaUty allow lavandin to be employed ia a wide variety of perfume appHcations and at high concentrations. Chemically it is comprised of 30—32% linalool (3) and linalyl acetate (1), along with numerous other substances, mosdy terpenic. 

Plant. Soybeans grow on erect, bushy aimual plants, 75—125 cm high, having hairy stems and trifoliate leaves. The flowers are white or purple or combinations thereof. Growing season varies with latitude and is 120—130 d in central Illinois. 

The coffee plant is a relatively small tree or shmb belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is often controlled to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Coffea arabica (milds) accounts for 69% of world production Coffea canephora (robustas), 30% and Coffea liberica and others, 1%. Each of these species includes several varieties. After the spring rains the plant produces white flowers. About sis months later the flowers are replaced by fmit approximately the size of a small cherry, hence they are called cherry. The fmit on a tree can include underripe, ripe (red, yellow, and purple color), and overripe cherries. It can be selectively picked (ripe only) or strip picked (predominantly ripe plus some underripe and overripe). 

Forest systems also act as sources of CO2 when controlled or uncontrolled burning and decay of litter occur. In addition, release of ethylene occurs during the flowering of various species. One additional form of emission to the atmosphere is the release of pollen grains. Pollen is essential to the reproductive cycle of most forest systems but becomes a human health hazard for individuals susceptible to hay fever. The contribution of sulfur from forests in the form of dimethyl sulfide is considered to be about 10-25% of the total amount released by soils and vegetation (12). 

Melia azadirachta L. (neem or margosa). The bark, according to Cornish, yields a minute amount of a bitter alkaloid, margosine. The fruit is reported to be toxic and to contain an alkaloid, azaridine. The leaves are stated to be insect-repellent and from them an alkaloid paraisine has been prepared. The flowers are alkaloid-free. ((1) Ind. Ann. Med. Sci., 1857, 4, 104 (2) Carratala, Rev. Asoc. med. Arg., 1939, 53, 338 (3) Volkonsky, Arch. Inst. Pasteur Alg rie, 1937, 427 (4) Subramanian and Rangaswamy, Curr. Sci., 1947, 16, 182.)... 

The per/umc [Pg.93]

This oil is not cominercJally distilled from Ihe unmisod herb, bni there is no doubt that the flowers are to some estcut gathered protnieco-OQsIy and distilled with other lavender spieelesin Sp.ain—aud to a smaller extent in E rance. 

Two samples of this oil from plants grown io ludia have been ei-amined by Siihirmnel A Oo.< One was diMtillnd from the flowers only, the other from the leaves. The oiU had the lollowing character... 

Acnuirii.—The leaves are round, the stalk is blue, and the flowers... 

Ahapanaf/i.—The leaf is violet on the under snrfaoe, the stalk is blue and the flower white. The yield of oil is low. 

Charabot and Pdlet have prepared two samples of Spaoish vervain nil, the one distilled from the dried leaves, the other from the flowers, the respeetive yield being 0T 4 per ceut. and 0-878 per oeal, The oil from the leaves had a rotatory power of - 10° 30 , that from the flowers + fi 50 , This laUer appeared to ha more rich in citral than the former, containing 70 per cent, and about 10 por cent, of alcohols,... 

Kanga haa examiued samplea distilled from the flowers and leaves of plants grown in Farther India, and found them to have the following characters —... 

The flower s of ftdrf/i iiii cf- i ida and irnrc eirin < Viidd, on... 

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