The Environmental Protection Act

DUTY OF CARE The concept of the duty of care for waste is set out in Section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act (1990) which states that it is the duty of any person who imports, produces, carries, keeps, treats or disposes of controlled waste to keep that waste properly under control. 

PRESCRIBED PROCESS Industrial process whieh requires an official authorization because of the likelihood of causing pollution under the provisions of the Environmental Protection Act (1990). 

PRESCRIBED SUBSTANCE A substancc Controlled by Section I of the Environmental Protection Act (1990) because of its potential to pollute. Different substances are prescribed for release to different environmental media. 

WDAs (waste disposal AUTHORITIES) Body responsible for planning and making aiTangements for waste disposal in their area with the waste disposal companies and for providing household waste dumps under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. 

Implements a new system of pollution control. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPCj, which will eventually replace IPC and EAPC under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. 

Noise nuisance is controlled primarily by the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Section 79 of the Act places a duty on a local authority to inspect their area for nuisances. Section 80 places a duty on a local authority to serve a legal notice on persons responsible for a situation when a nuisance has occurred and is likely to recur, or where, in the opinion of the local authority, the nuisance is likely to occur. Section 82 enables an individual... 

Discharge of trade effluent into a sewer requires a consent from the Sewerage Undertaker under a procedure set out in the Public Health (Drainage of Trade Premises) Act 1961, Control of Pollution Act 1974 and Water Act 1989. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 is also applicable to prescribed processes and substances. 

In the UK the Environmental Protection Act 1990 established an interlocking framework for pollution control. Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) introduced a new approach with waste minimization at its centre and a commitment to higher environmental standards. The latter is based upon selection of the Best Practical Environmental Option (BPEO), i.e. ... 

The effects of amendments to the Environmental Protection Act (1990), which relate to pollution control and styrene emissions from installations, on UK fibre reinforced plastics processors are examined. Possible cost-effective abatement solutions are briefly considered. 

The TSCA Inventory provides an overall picmre of the organic, inorganic, polymers, and UVCB (chemical substances of Unknown, or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, and Biological Materials) chemicals produced, processed, or imported for commercial purposes in the United States. The Inventory is not a list of chemicals based on toxic or hazardous characteristics, since toxicity/hazard is not a criterion for inclusion in the list. The Inventory includes chemical substances of any commercial use in the United States since 1979 under the Environmental Protection Act, and is prepared by the US-EPA. The current TSCA Inventory contains approximately 81,600 chemicals. Currently, OPPT is focusing on a subset of approximately 3,000 HPV... 

As for solvent systems, a barrel spraying machine may be used for surfaces that need to be coated on all areas. The Environmental Protection Act has prompted manufacturers to find means of reducing or eliminating the volume of solvent used in cleaning and coating... 

There are stringent controls over emissions of particulate matter and solvent vapours—not only must a factory be of standard sufficient to meet the relevant exposure limits (which are controlled under the Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, and subsequent regulations) but manufacturers have a legal duty to ensure that exposure and emissions are (in the official phrase) as low as is reasonably practicable . Specific values as limits for emissions of particulates and vapours are laid down under the Environmental Protection Act, 1990. In effect this means that there must be continuing attention to the maintenance of operating standards, and to the improvement of formulations—and on the latter, paint technologists are following two main lines of advance ... 

The Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1991, which subsumes previous acts such as the alkali act (1906), and the clean air act (1956/68). The act covers air pollution, noise, and other matters causing a statutory nuisance. 

Identification of Special Wastes under the Special Waste Regulations (SWR) under Section 2 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Hazardous categories include the category Ecotoxicity , defined as substances and preparations that present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. Most waste is likely to be classified according to its individual chemical components and information abstracted from toxicity databases. However, there is provision in the SWR for bioassays to be performed, specifically those in Annex V of EC Directive 67/548/EEC. 

The main legislation is the Environmental Protection Act (1990), the Water Resources Act (1991), the Environment Act 1995 and the Pollution Prevention Control Act (1999) (see main text). 

Figure 1 The relationship between derelict land, contaminated land and land with contamination. Different terminologies have arisen due to the contexts (planning, regeneration, environmental protection) in which land is being considered for remediation. With enactment of Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 the term contaminated land has a statutory defintion18...

There are several terms in use to describe land in need of remediation. Although the terms may be similar, there are fundamental differences. Figure 1 illustrates the relationships between these terms. The term derelict land, for example, refers to land so damaged by past activities that it is incapable of beneficial use without treatment .14 The statutory definition of contaminated land in the UK is given in Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (see Lowe and Lowe), that is ... 

The particular role of the Part IIA system is to ensure that land is suitable for use in the context of its current use and setting. Previous statutory regimes have been in place for similar purposes—most noticeably and recently, the anti-pollution works provisions in the Water Resources Act 19914 and the statutory nuisance system in the Environmental Protection Act 1990.5 But following a policy review in 1993 and 1994,6 the then Government considered that a modern, specific contaminated land power was needed,7 and legislated accordingly in the Environment Act 1995. 

Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990.9 This primary legislation was inserted into the 1990 Act by section 57 of the Environment Act 1995, and consists of new sections 78A to 78YC. 

Statutory nuisance. Under the statutory nuisance regime in Part III of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, liability fell in the first instance on the person responsible for the nuisance , this term being expanded to mean the person to whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance is attributable .26 Responsibility would pass to the owner or occupier of the premises if no such person could be found or if the nuisance arises from any defect of a structural nature .27... 

DETR is preparing further planning guidance on land contamination which will amplify the guidance in PPG23, explain the interface with the regime under Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and provide local planning authorities with technical and practical advice on land contamination issues. In the meantime, advice in PPG 23 remains valid (see ref. 7, para. 47). 

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