Spray machine

The crops and livestock look after themselves. Nature has never found it necessary to design the equivalent of the spraying machine and the poison spray for the control of insect and fungus pests. There is nothing in the nature of vaccines and serums for the protection of the livestock. It is true that all kinds of diseases are to be found here and there among the plants and animals of the forest, but these never assume large proportions. The principle followed is that the plants and animals can very well protect themselves even when such things as parasites are to be found in their midst. Nature s rule in these matters is to live and let live (Howard, 1943). 

The chemical applications on coffee pose problems that can be solved to the mutual advantage of the coffee grower and the manufacturer of spray machines and chemicals. The problems cannot be left solely to either party. Through the service of technical men working in the tropics, the manufacturer will need to carry on close relations with the field. The evolution of spray science in the tropics, under condi-... 

As for solvent systems, a barrel spraying machine may be used for surfaces that need to be coated on all areas. The Environmental Protection Act has prompted manufacturers to find means of reducing or eliminating the volume of solvent used in cleaning and coating... 

Frost, A.R. (1990) A pesticide injection metering system for use on agricultural spraying machines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 46, 55-70... 

The ceiling of the building was constructed of steel decking. The decking was insulated with vermiculite which was held in place with a coating of the formulation. The spray machine was used to coat the... 

Automatic spraying, machine roller coating, and curtain coating are used for industrial application of furniture coatings. Drying is accelerated by air circulation and/or increased temperature up to 80 C. IR drying ovens and tunnels are also used. 

The spray-up machine consists of a gun for spraying catalysed/accelerated resin and a unit which chops continuous glass fibre. They are simultaneously sprayed on to an open mould coated with a releasing agent. The laminate is rolled and then allowed to cure, after which the moulding is released and trimmed to size. The properties and applications are similar to hand lay-up but the use of the spray machine produces a much faster lamination time. 

The typical size of moulding produced by spray is perhaps lOm but it is suitable for any size larger than about 2 ml Moulds which are much smaller than that are inefficient and difficult to control. Generally spray machines are operated a rate of about 20 kg of... 

For insulation using the spray method, the wet technique should be used instead of the dry technique wraps containing the fiberglass-manufactured products should be emptied without shaking them and should then be refolded with care to avoid fibers from being released. At the end of the work, the spraying machine should be cleaned in the same place as the operations took place. 

Dithianone is a broad-spectrum fungicide. Calnan reported dermatitis in a female horticulturalist working in a fruit orchard who became sensitive to dithianone [141]. Contact occurred from the sprayed trees while pruning and also from cleaning the spraying machines. Patch testing was positive with 1% dithianone in petrolatum. 

Fig. 27 shows an automatic spraying machine where two guns move automatically back and forth on top of a conveyor. This is a frequent installation for flat and large panels sandwich panels, wood and decorative panels, laminating. The speed of application may reach 10 to 20 m /min. 

Figure 27a Air spray gun for automatic spray machine (source Walther, Germany).

Alkahne etching with ammonium hydroxide complexing is increasingly used because of its continuous operation, compatibility with most metallic and organic resists, high capacity for dissolved copper, and fast etch rates. Continuous (open-loop) spray machine chemical control systems are universally used. This operation provides constant etch rates, high work output, ease of control and replenishment, and improved pollution control. However, rinsing after... 

Spraying is the most widely used method of application in leather finishing. Rotating spray guns inside spray machines (Fig. 11-7) apply the low-viscosity finish liquor to the horizontal leather. Even soft leathers can be processed by this technique. 

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