Textiles tensile properties

ISO 13934-1 Textiles Tensile Properties of Fabrics Part 1 Determination of Maximum Force and Elongation at Maximum Force Using the Strip Method... 

In the late 1980s, new fully aromatic polyester fibers were iatroduced for use ia composites and stmctural materials (18,19). In general, these materials are thermotropic Hquid crystal polymers that are melt-processible to give fibers with tensile properties and temperature resistance considerably higher than conventional polyester textile fibers. Vectran (Hoechst-Celanese and Kuraray) is a thermotropic Hquid crystal aromatic copolyester fiber composed of -hydroxyben2oic acid [99-96-7] and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Other fully aromatic polyester fiber composites have been iatroduced under various tradenames (19). 

In conventional tenter orientation, the sequence of steps is as described above (MD—TD). In some cases it is advantageous to reverse the draw order (TD—MD) or to use multiple draw steps, eg, MD—TD—MD. These other techniques are used to produce "tensilized" films, where the MD tensile properties are enhanced by further stretching. The films are generally unbalanced in properties and in extreme cases may be fibrillated to give fiber-like elements for special textile appHcations. Tensilized poly(ethylene terephthalate) is a common substrate for audio and video magnetic tape and thermal transfer tape. 

Cross-linked finishes are not permanent in the tme sense of the word however, under optimum conditions the finish can last for the usehil life of the material. Wet abrasion during laundering is probably the principal cause of gradual removal of the finish. In order to retain antistatic protection for extended use, an excess of finish is often appHed The extent of chemical interaction between the durable antistatic agents and the fiber substrates to which they are appHed is not perfectiy understood. Certain oxidizing agents such as hypochlorite bleaches tend to depolymerize and remove some durable antistatic finishes. Some of the durable finishes have also produced undesirable side effects on textile materials, ie, harsh hand, discoloration, and loss of tensile properties. 

An older method of cellulose fiber modification is mercerization [22,33-36], which has been widely used on cotton textiles. Mercerization is an alkali treatment of cellulose fibers. It depends on the type and concentration of the alkalic solution, its temperature, time of treatment, tension of the material, and the additives used [33,36]. At present there is a tendency to use mercerization for natural fibers as well. Optimal conditions of mercerization ensure the improvement of the tensile properties [33-35,37] and absorption characteristics [33-35], which are important in the composing process. 

Property Measurements. All silk samples were conditioned prior to testing at 65% RH and 21°C according to ASTM Test Method D 1776-79, "Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing." (8) Tensile properties were determined on an Instron Model 4201 Universal Testing Instrument. Tensile test data were recorded and stored for reanalysis using Instron software, "General Tensile Test, Revision D."... 

Typical force-elongation curves of some manufactured and natural staple fibers and textile-type manufactured filaments are shown in Figs 12.1 and 12.2. Table 12.1 gives the values of some of the physical and tensile properties of textile fibers. 

Tensile strength is not the most important element of a textile fiber. Important it is, but there are other factors of equal importance, such as flexibility, handle, dye-uptake, and moisture absorption/desorption. In fact, in many cases, even though the material specification is designed with a high emphasis on tensile properties, quite often the rigours of use come nowhere near the product s tensile capabilities. 

ASTM D 2101-94(discontinucd in 1995) - Tensile properties of single niaii-made textile fibers taken from yarns and tows. 

ASTM D 3822 95 Test method for tensile propertie.s of single textile fibers. 

Handbook of tensile properties of textile and technical fibres... 

Pegoretti A, Traina M. Liquid crystalline organic fibres and their mechanical behaviour. In Bunsell AR, editor. Handbook of tensile properties of textile and technical fibres, vol. 12. Cambridge Woodhead 2009. pp. 354—436. 

Tensile Properties of Various High-Performance Cellulose Fibers and Viscose Textile Fibers... 

---