Tetrazolium test

Paper chromatography (benzene-chloroform 1 1—formamide system) of representative chromatogram fractions indicates the presence of a small quantity of a more polar ultraviolet absorbing component that gives a negative blue tetrazolium test and a very polar component (no ultraviolet negative tetrazolium test). These materials have not been characterized. 

Chronic granulomatous disease is most frequently aused by genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase in the PMN. Patients are susceptible to infection by catalasepositive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coll, Candida, end Aspergillus, k negative nitroblue tetrazolium test is useful in confirming the diagnosis. 

Thyroid 1 uptake may be decreased. False-negative results with the nitroblue-tetrazolium test for bacterial infection. Dexamethasone, given for cerebral edema, may alter the results of a brain scan (decreased uptake of radioactive material). 

Iversen OH. 1980. Tumorigenicity of N-nitroso-diethyl, -dimethyl and -diphenyl-amines in skin painting experiments. A study utilizing the tetrazolium test and skin applications on hairless mice. Eur J Cancer 16 695-698. 

As fluorescence tests with BCECF (2, 7 -bis-2(2-carboxyethyl)-4(5)-carboxyfluores-cein), the XTT tetrazolium test, and a test with the intercalating dye DAPI (4, 6-diami-dino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) showed, the presence of conocurvone la at a concentration of EC50 0.02 //M completely averted the death of HIV 1-infected human lymphoblastoid cells (CEM-SS). Measurements of viral reverse transcriptase, the viral P24 antigen, and the syncytium forming units (SFU) revealed that virus replication came to a standstill at the same time. Since... 

AOSA. Tetrazolium Testing Handbook Contribution No. 29. Association of Official Seed Analysts , ... 

Delouche, J.C. T.W. Still M. Raspet M. Lienhard. The tetrazolium test for seed viability. Tech. Bull 51. Mississippi State University. Agricultural Experiment Station State College, MS, 1962. 

Dioxane proved to be the most suitable solvent for extracting the formazan formed in the nitroblue tetrazolium test (Muller et al. 1981). At 85 °C dioxane completely extracted nitroblue tetrazohum (absorption maximum at X, = 580 nm, absorption coefficient = 0.0256 ml X nmol X cm" ) from the cell pellet within 15 min, and nitroblue tetrazohum diluted in dioxane was sufficiently stable. As a possible aqueous contamination under conditions of an acid pH caused a slower decrease of the optical density of the extract than did pure water, 1 N HCl as washing agent to remove remaining nitroblue tetrazolium from the cell pellet is recommended. 

The Nitroblue tetrazolium test (NET), as applied to the infective problems (30) presents an intriguing development. This phenomenon of reduction of colorless Nitroblue tetrazolium to blue/ black forazan by the neutrophil of normal man in vitro (7) was applied to the phagocyte in vivo during bacterial infection in infants by Park in 1968 (46). Later confirmation was obtained with adults (27,41) in bacterial infection and in fungal infection (5,46). 

Levels of a number of metabolites as well as a number of enzymes in body fluids are indicative of disease conditions. Many of the enzymatic reactions mentioned above have been used in solution clinical assays as well as in test strips.446,497-508 512-515 Assays for hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme peroxidase using NADH and a tetrazolium salt have been de-scribed.509,5io Assays of exogenous substances (e.g., drugs or their metabolites) also utilize this chemistry. The determination of alcohol using alcohol dehydrogenase is an example.511 As mentioned above, the assay of enzyme levels can also be achieved using tetrazolium salts.516-520... 

Olbrich et al. [19] tested in vitro the cytotoxicity of the transfection agents, considering the viability of Cos-1 cell monolayers. Both the initial perturbation of cell integrity during the 4-h incubation and the influence on the cellular activity after 48 hours were assessed by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial conversion of the tetrazolium salt WST-1. Unmodified paraffin particles (SII-4) did not show cytotoxicity in the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release 2005 by CRC Press LLC... 

Borregaard, N., Cross, A. R., Herlin, T., Jones, O. T. G., Segal, A. W., Valerius, N. H. (1983). A variant form of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease with normal nitro-blue tetrazolium slide test and cytochrome b. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 13,243-7. 

Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF et al. (1987) Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiauto-mated colorimetric assay assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 47 936-942. 

The ditetrazolium salts (309) have been patented for use in electrochromic electrodes which are used in display devices <89JAP01230026) and tetrazolium salts have also been developed for cell bioassays for neurotoxins active on voltage-sensitive sodium channels <93MI 417-03). Tests for inhibition of corrosion of zinc and brass carried out on 5-aminotetrazole showed it to be ineffective relative to other azoles <86MI 417-01). A number of tetrazoles including the 5-amino, 5-methyl, and 5-phenyl derivatives have been separately incorporated into surfactants used for corrosion inhibition with copper in water <9lMl4l7-07). Photopolymerizable resin compositions which are highly resistant... 

This reagent is quite specific for corticosteroids producing blue spots on a white background. The tetrazolium spray is used in a test for related foreign steroids in fluclorolone acetonide. 

Growth conditions in deep-well microtiter plates were optimized with respect to optimal expression of active enzymes (Fig. 2.2.1.1). The best results were obtained with an expression time of 20 h at 37 °C (Fig. 2.2.1.1, lanes 7-9). Subsequently, E. coli cells were enzymatically disrupted by lysozyme treatment, and the carboligase activity was monitored by a modified tetrazolium salt color assay [16], This color assay is based on the reduction of the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) 13 to the corresponding formazan 15, which has an intense red color (Fig. 2.2.1.2A). Before screening ofa BFD variant library, substrates and products were tested in the color assay. Neither substrate, benzaldehyde 4 nor dimethoxy-acetaldehyde 8, reduced TTC 13 however, the product 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethoxy-propiophenone 10 already caused color formation at low concentrations of 2.5-10 mM (Fig. 2.2.1.2B). Benzoin 12 as the product also gave a color change at a similar concentration (data not shown). 

The bacterial toxicity was measured according DEV, DIN 38412, L3 (TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl-2/7-tetrazolium chlorid) test). The result gives an EC50 (effective concentration) varying between 2290 and 14700 mg/L, and estimated NOEC values in the range of < 10 to 100 mg/L [3.223],... 

Step 2 After step 1, add 2 ml of solution B to the tube of eggs replace the cap immediately and shake vigorously. Replace in water bath and shake vigorously every 10 min. Wash hatched oncospheres three times in saline before use. Oncosphere viability can be tested for using 0.25% (w/v) MTT (tetrazolium salt) in glucose-saline (613). 

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