Toxicity, bacterial

Chronic bacterial toxicity (Bringmann-Kiihn) EC10 58... 

Product no. Solids content (%) AOX value (mg/l) COD value (mg/l) BOD5 value (mg/l) Bacterial toxicity (% resistance)... 

TNB. All concentrations produced bacterial toxicity, but it was unclear whether DNA damage occurred (McGregor et al. 1980). 1,3,5-TNB did not affect mitotic recombination or produce any other observable genotoxic effect in S. cerevisiae (McGregor et al. 1980). Refer to Table 2-3 for a further summary of the genotoxic effects of 1,3,5-TNB exposure. 

A number of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde derivatives, called nitrofurans, are used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of microbial infections, primarily in the urinary tract. Recent evidence suggests that the reduction of the 5-nitro group to the nitro anion results in bacterial toxicity. Intermediate metabolites modify various bacterial macromolecules that affect a variety of biochemical processes (e.g., DNA and RNA synthesis, protein synthesis) this observation may explain the lack of resistance development to these drugs. Evidence also indicates that the nitro anion undergoes recycling with the production of superoxide and other toxic oxygen compounds. It is presumed that the nitrofurans are selectively toxic to microbial cells because in humans, the slower reduction by mammalian cells prevents high serum concentrations. 

Protocols for preparing six environmental sample types prior to the Ames Salmonella assay were proposed at a recent panel discussion sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the U.S. Army. Air particles, soil-sediment, and solid waste are extracted with dichloromethane, concentrated, and solvent exchanged into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Organics in water and waste water are absorbed onto XAD columns, then eluted with hexane-acetone, solvent reduced, and exchanged into DM SO. Nonaqueous liquids are assayed directly and as concentrates before they are solvent exchanged to DMSO. If bacterial toxicity or lack of dose response is observed in the Ames assay of extracts, the extracts are fractionated prior to solvent exchange. These are interim methods and have not been subjected to policy review of the USEPA or the U.S. Army. 

Bacterial Toxicity. A variety of criteria are used by testing laboratories to determine toxicity during the Ames test and when additional sample preparation (i.e., fractionation) is required to separate toxic components from potential mutagenic components of a complex mixture. However, no uniform criteria are available or accepted. The following criteria were proposed and accepted by panel meeting participants as the appropriate conceptual basis for determining lack of... 

The bacterial toxicity was measured according DEV, DIN 38412, L3 (TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl-2/7-tetrazolium chlorid) test). The result gives an EC50 (effective concentration) varying between 2290 and 14700 mg/L, and estimated NOEC values in the range of < 10 to 100 mg/L [3.223],... 

Blaise, C., Forghani, R., Legault, R., Guzzo, J. and Dubow, M.S. (1994) A bacterial toxicity assay performed with microplates, microluminometry and Microtox reagent, Biotechniques 16 (5), 932-937. 

The Heavy Metal Binding Capacity (HMBC) test is a bioassay that helps to quickly determine metal bioavailability in aquatic environments. HMBC can also be applied to soils and to root exudates from aquatic and terrestrial plants. The HMBC test is based on MetPLATE, a bacterial toxicity test that selectively detects metal toxicity. 

Fig. 7.18 Direct irradiation of pentachloro-phenol in aqueous solution without auxiliary oxidant diminution of relative toxicity index (bacterial toxicity established by Toxichromo test using Escherichia coli), of organic chlorine in PCP [Cljorganic = 5[PCP]t) and of total or-...

A group of plant lectins, such as abrin, ricin, and mod-eccin, are highly toxic to eukaryotic cells. Their mode of action consists of inhibition of protein synthesis by enzymatically inactivating the EF-2 binding region of the 60S ribosomal subunit, whereas the diphtheria toxin inactivates the EF-2 protein itself. Ricin is isolated from castor beans and has a molecular weight of 66,000. Like most plant and bacterial toxic proteins, ricin contains two... 

Kane DA, Williamson KJ. 1983. Bacterial toxicity and metabolism of hydrazine fuels. Arch Environ... 

Bundy, J.G., Morriss, A.W.J., Durham, D.G., Campbell, C.D. and Paton, G.I. (2001) Development of QSARs to investigate the bacterial toxicity and biotransformation potential of aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Chemosphere, 42, 885-892. 

Glass-lined equipment is necessary with respect to the corrosiveness of the chemicals used. Approximately 7.5 tons of chemicals (without solvents) are used to produce 1 ton of 7-ACA. Because of the low biodegradability and bacterial toxicity of the chemicals used, biological waste water treatment is prohibited and the aqueous phase has to be incinerated. The organic phase (chlorinated hydrocarbons) has to be distilled and recycled. Distillation residues are incinerated too. In total about 31 tons of residues per ton of 7-ACA have to be incinerated. 

Safety/Toxicity Bacterial toxicity,45 ovarian cancer risk,46 carcinogenicity,47-53 genotoxicity,53-56 mutagenicity,57 toxicokinetics,5s chromosomal aberration59.6o... 

Lenz, R Suessmuth, R. Seibel, E. A test battery of bacterial toxicity assays and comparison with LD50 values. Toxicity Assessment 1989, 4, 43-52. 

Tombelli S, Mascini M, Sacco C, Turner APF (2000) A DNA piezoelectric biosensor assay coupled with a polymerase chain reaction for bacterial toxicity determination in environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 418(1) 1-9... 

The product is not easily biodegradable. It hydrolyzes in water under generation of phthalimide which disposes of only low fish and bacterial toxicity ... 

McCann and have noted that bacterial toxicity hinders the test-... 

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