Total testosterone

In women and children, the main effect will be one of virilization in its various forms, ranging from hirsutism and deepening of the voice to enlargement of the female clitoris and male pattern baldness the effect on the voice rapidly becomes irreversible because of changes in the larynx laryngeal polyps have also been observed (69). In women, menstrual abnormalities are likely. Shortterm treatment can produce increases in estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone (total and unbound), and the ratio of dihydrotestosterone to testosterone. 

If suspect PCOS, consider free or total testosterone,... 

Lipid panel total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides within normal limits Hemoglobin A1c 8.0% (0.08), testosterone 700 ng/dL (24 nmol/L)... 

DHEA is an adrenal hormone that is a precursor to the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, as well as other hormones. DHEA is reported to increase testosterone and decrease total body fat, and also to have anabolic and anti-aging effects. The... 

For protection of domestic cattle, feeds should contain <0.05 mg diflubenzuron/kg FW. Cottonseed may be added to cattle diets provided that diflubenzuron concentrations in the seed do not exceed 0.2 mg/kg FW and that cottonseed composes <17% of the total diet bulk (Gartrell 1981). Diflubenzuron causes biochemical upset, as judged by lowered testosterone levels in chickens and rats (USEPA 1979), altered glutathione 5-transferase activity in mouse liver (which adversely affects the ability to detoxify foreign substances by way of conjugation Young et al. 1986), and disrupted hydroxylamine activity in human infants (USEPA 1979). Additional research seems needed on biochemical alterations induced by diflubenzuron. No diflubenzuron criteria are currently recommended for protection of avian and mammalian wildlife. All data available suggest that wildlife species are about as tolerant to diflubenzuron as are domestic poultry and livestock however, the wildlife database seems inadequate for practicable criteria formulation. 

Only 2% of total plasma testosterone is present in the active unbound state that penetrates the prostate cell, where it is converted to DHT by 5 a-reductase. DHT subsequently binds with a cytoplasmic receptor and is transported to the cell nucleus where transcription and translation of stored genetic material occur. 

Fitzgerald RL, Herold DA. 1996. Serum total testosterone immunoassay compared with negative chemical ionization gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 42 749-755. 

In a similar type of data collection, during 2000 to 2001 Wozniak (2002) examined the incidence of anabolic hormone residues in 5393 animals, consisting of cattle, pigs, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, turkeys, ducks, and fish. Wozniak assayed for residues of diethylstibestrol, hexesterol, dienestrol, zeranol, trenbolone, and 19-noresterone. In addition, 632 cattle and swine were assayed for medroxyprogesterone and 1176 were assayed for natural 17-p-estradiol and testosterone. In only three heifers and two cows did serum testosterone exceed the MRL (EC 0.5 pg per liter) two bulls and four cows had an increased content of 17-(3-estradiol in their blood. A total of 11 animals of the 5393 examined (0.2%) had excessive quantities of hormone materials in their system. None of the other animals showed evidence of the presence of... 

High concentrations of radioactivity were observed in body fat and livers of rats, mice, and squirrel monkeys given oral doses of 60 mg/kg " C-labeled chloroform (Brown et al. 1974a). The maximum levels of radioactivity in the blood appeared within 1 hour and were 3 pg equivalents chloroform/mL for mice and 10 pg equivalents chloroform/mL for monkeys, which represented -0.35 and 1%, respectively, of the total radioactivity. In monkeys, bile concentrations peaked within 6 hours. The distribution of radioactively labeled chloroform was studied in three strains of mice (Taylor et al. 1974). No strain-related differences were observed however, higher levels of radioactivity were found in the renal cortex of males and in the liver of females. The renal binding of radioactive metabolites may have been altered by variations in the testosterone levels as a result of hormonal pretreatment in females or castration in males. Sex-linked differences in chloroform distribution were not observed in rats or monkeys (Brown et al. 1974a). Chloroform accumulates in the adipose tissue of rats after oral exposure of intermediate duration (Pfaffenberger et al. 1980). 

Endocrine effects Statins interfere with cholesterol synthesis and lower circulating cholesterol levels and, as such, might theoretically blunt adrenal or gonadal steroid hormone production. Small declines in total testosterone with no commensurate elevation in LH have been noted with the use of fluvastatin. Pravastatin showed inconsistent results with regard to possible effects on basal steroid hormone levels atorvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin did not reduce basal plasma cortisol concentration or basal plasma testosterone concentration or impair adrenal reserve. Appropriately evaluate patients who display clinical evidence of endocrine dysfunction. Exercise caution when administering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with drugs that affect steroid levels or activity, such as ketoconazole, spironolactone, and cimetidine. 

Harman SM et al Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 86 724. [PMID 11158037]... 

Egeland GM, Sweeney MH, Flngerhut MA, Wille KK, SchnorrTM, Halperin WE (1994) Total serum testosterone and gonadotropins in workers exposed to dioxin. Am J Epidemiol, 139(3) 272-281. 

Oxime derivatization was utilized by Kushnir et al. [44] to improve ESI sensitivity for testosterone measurement. Using a C18 column for separation (3-min run times) and an API 4000 they monitored MRM transitions 304—>124 and 112 for testosterone oxime and 307—>14 and 112 for the d3 internal standard. Within-run and between-run irreproducibility was < 12%. The LOD was 10 pg/ml, allowing accurate measurement of testosterone in women and children. Reference intervals for the steroid in children of different ages and different Tanner stages are given in the publication as well as values for both free and total testosterone. 

Thyroid Effects. Limited information is available on thyroid effects in PBDE-exposed humans. There are suggestive occupational data as shown by effects that included increased serum FSH, low or borderline low serum T4, and increased thyroid antimicrosomal antibody titers in workers exposed to decaBDE and/or unspecified PBBs. There was no clear association between plasma levels of 2,2, 4,4-tetraBDE and thyroid hormone levels (free and total T3 and T4, TSH, free testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, and prolactin) in men who consumed varying amounts of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea. Based on consistent evidence in animals, as summarized below, the thyroid is particularly sensitive to PBDEs and is a likely target of toxicity in exposed humans. 

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. A limited amount of epidemiological irrformation is available for PBDEs. Plasma levels of various organohalogen compounds, including the congener 2,2, 4,4-tetraBDE, as well as serum hormone levels (free and total T3 and T4, TSH, free testosterone, follicle-stimulating... 

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