Testosterone analogues

MGA) (4) testosterone (5) propionate [57-85-2] in combination with estradiol benzoate, ie, Synovex-H or Heifer-oid and a synthetic testosterone analogue, trenbolone acetate [10161 -34-9] (TBA) (6) which is used alone, ie, Finaplix, or in combination with estradiol, ie, Revalor. Structures of these anabolic steroids are shown in Figure 1. 

Demling RH. Comparison of the anabolic effects and complications of human growth hormone and the testosterone analogue, oxandrolone, after severe burn injury. Burns 1999 25(3) 215-21. 

Me] was prepared by treatment of the pyrrolidine dienamine derivative of (163 R = H.R = Me) with l,3-dichlorobut-2-ene and potassium iodide in dry DMF. Reaction with lithium dimethylcopper gave the 9)S-methyl derivative (163b), whose 17/i-benzoate (163c) was treated with sulphuric acid to afford the corresponding diketone (163d). Finally, annelation of (163d) with ethanolic potassium hydroxide yielded the desired testosterone analogue (164). ... 

Steroid hormones form a group of pollutants that includes natural hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and their metabolites as well as several synthetic analogues. Steroid hormones used as growth promoters have already been found in water and sediments (Lai et al. 2000 Thorpe et al. 2003), and their adsorption properties on earth materials have been considered. Lee et al. (2003) report batch experiments where simultaneous sorption of three hormones (17- 3-estradiol, 17-a-ethyl estradiol, and testosterone) on four midwestem U.S. soils and a freshwater sediment were performed. Apparent sorption equilibria were reached within a few hours. Sorption isotherms generally were linear for the chemicals studied on one of these soils (Drummer soil), ranged from 23.4 to 83.2 L kg and log ranged... 

An important qualification must be made. While a biomarker may be of proven value in establishing whether a drug has the desired effect in patients or healthy volunteers (see Section 4.6.3) and for evaluation of the dose-response relationship, a biomarker may not be a surrogate for the clinical endpoint. Thus, suppression of testosterone after an initial rise will give an almost immediate endpoint for the effect of GnRH analogues in prostate cancer but the relationship breaks down later in the disease. Measures of blood glucose control are vital... 

Progression of prostatic carcinoma Serum PSA and testosterone GnRH analogues... 

Buserelin (Suprefact) and leuprolide (Lupron) are peptide analogues of the hypothalamic hormone LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). Chronic exposure of the pituitary to these agents abolishes gonadotropin release and results in markedly decreased estrogen and testosterone production by the gonads. Their major clinical use is in the palliative hormonal therapy of cancer of the prostate. 

GnRH analogues (see Chapter 59) can induce chemical castration by suppressing the pulsatile release of LH and FSH, hence inhibiting testicular steroidogenesis. Administration of these compounds reduces circulating testosterone levels. These compounds are inhaled, injected subcutaneously, or implanted subcutaneously. They are used in males in the treatment of precocious puberty and carcinoma of the prostate. 

Intermittent courses of gonadotropin analogues for prostate cancer may reduce the frequency of adverse effects. In 95 patients who received 245 cycles of leuprolide acetate and nilutamide for 8 months, testosterone concentrations recovered during the rest periods (61% of cycles) and sexual function improved (47%) (23). 

Hormones and analogues growth hormone corticotrophin (ACTH) calcitonin desmopressin (DD AVP) lypressin oxytocin buserelin nafarelin progesterone norethisterone 17/1-estradiol testosterone insulin Gonadorelin (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone GnRH LH-RH)... 

The androgen testosterone is made in the testis and directs developmental maturation of male sex characteristics and normal function of male sex organs. Anabolic—androgenic steroid analogue drugs have been developed for increasing muscle mass. 

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