Teratogenicity and Carcinogenicity

There are no adequate studies of teratogenicity for gold sodium thiomalate in pregnant humans however, a potential risk to the fetus exists because gold was found in the serum and red blood cells of a nursing infant. 

Trivalent gold complexes were potentially attractive as anticancer agents because of their cytotoxic effects on established human tumor cell lines. All tested Au+ complexes substantially retained their antitumor potency against platinum-resistant tumor cell lines for leukemia and ovarian cancer. Cytotoxicity of these compounds in vitro is attributed to binding with DNA and modification and subsequent impairment of replication and transcription processes. The paucity of data on Au+ complexes probably derives from their high redox potential and relatively poor stability, which makes their use problematical under physiological conditions. 

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Health and Safety Factors. MSA is a strong toxic acid and is corrosive to skin. The acute oral toxicity of the sodium salt in mice LD q is 6.2 g/kg. The 1976 edition of the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances Hsts certain reaction products of MSA as having suspected mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic activity (410). 

Biocompatibility is an essential property of new biomaterials for drug delivery. Biocompatibility is always assessed with respect to specific applications and may be assessed with respect to cytotoxicity, allergic responses, irritation, inflammation, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity (Katti el al., 2002). The reviews by Katti et al. (2002) and Domb et al. (1997) provide good discussions on the biocompatibility studies that have been conducted with polyanhydrides over the past two decades. 

At high environmental concentrations, chromium is a mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen... 

Mercury is a known mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen. At comparatively low concentrations in birds and mammals, it adversely affects reproduction, growth and development, behavior, blood... 

Gaylor DW. 1989. Comparison of teratogenic and carcinogenic risks. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 10 138-143. 

Anonymous. 1982. Mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In Selected petroleum products. Environ Health Criteria 20 50-61. 

NIOSH recommends that methyl chloride be considered a potential occupational teratogen and carcinogen."... 

Bone marrow toxicity is the major side effect of chlorambucil. Nausea is uncommon or mUd, and hair loss does not occur. Chlorambucil shares the immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties of the nitrogen mustards. 

The major toxicity associated with mitomycin therapy is unpredictably long and cumulative myelosup-pression that affects both white blood cells and platelets. A syndrome of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure also has been described. Renal, hepatic, and pulmonary toxicity may occur. The drug is teratogenic and carcinogenic, and it can cause local bhstering. 

Ivankovic S (1979) Teratogenic and carcinogenic effects of some chemicals dimng prenatal life in rats, Syrian golden hamsters, and minipigs. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 51 103-115... 

In laboratory animals, TCDD administered in suitable doses has produced a wide variety of toxic effects, including a wasting syndrome (severe weight loss accompanied by reduction of muscle mass and adipose tissue), thymic atrophy, epidermal changes, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, effects on reproduction and development, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. The effects observed in workers involved in the manufacture of 2,4,5-T (and therefore presumably exposed to TCDD) consisted of contact dermatitis and chloracne. In severely TCDD-intoxicated patients, discrete chloracne may be the only manifestation. 

Evidence is accumulating that antimony is teratogenic and carcinogenic 30 /rl dm-3 cause mutations in Bacillus subtilis.176 Antimony has also caused mutations in plants and animals.177... 

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