Carcinogenic, and Teratogenic Effects

The ability of Pr or Nd to induce chromosomal aberrations in vivo was evaluated in mouse bone marrow cells (Jha and Singh 

A single exposure to Pr or Nd oxides (50 to 400 mgkg i.p.) resulted in dose-related increases in chromatid and chromosome breaks at 6-12 h after treatment. 

La and Tb (0.1 to 1.0 mmol L ) are capable of promoting the neoplastic transformation of mouse JB6 epidermal cells. These elements may promote neoplastic transformation via the activation of protein kinase C (Sotiroudis 1986, Smith et al. 

AbramczuK JW (1985) The effects of lanthanum chloride on pregnancy in mice and on preimplantation of mouse embryos in vitro. Toxicology 34 315 — 320. 

Amelial M and Landry Y (1983) Lanthanides are transported by ionophore A23187 and mimic calcium in the histamine secretion process. Br J Pharmacol 80 365—370. 

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Epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed populations have examined possible carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of chronic exposure to the operating room environment. 

There is limited information regarding the chronic toxicity of mancozeb. It has been indicated that mancozeb has low toxicity in most experimental animals. Its major metabolite, ethylenethiourea (ETU), has been shown to produce carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in laboratory animals at high dose levels. 

Praziquantel is a well tolerated and safe drug. However, it may produce some side effects, the most common of which are abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea or loose stools, dizziness, headache, pruritis, skin eruption and fever, which appear shortly after the drug administration [81,83]. These side effects are usually mild and dose related and disappear within 24 hours. Praziquantel has been found to be free of mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects [81,83,84]. 

Chronic Effects on Animals and Humans, Carcinogenic, and Teratogenic Effects... 

The approval of an antioxidant for food use requires extended toxicological studies that consist of studies for possible transformation, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Finally, there are some antioxidant substances that have been recognized as safe (GRAS). 

Concentrated formic acid irritates skin and mucous membranes. Carcinogenic and teratogenic effects are not observed. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) 3 mg/kg body weight. 

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