Temporary catheters

Patients who experience fever during HD should immediately have blood cultures obtained. If a temporary catheter is being used, it should be removed and the tip of the catheter cultured. Commonly used preventive approaches to catheter-related infections include minimizing use and duration of catheters, proper disinfection and sterile technique, and use of exit-site mupirocin or povidone-iodine ointment. Adoption of strict unit protocols that employ universal pre-... 

Catheter device selection is based on a number of factors, including the plarmed application and placement site, duration of implantation, composition of fluids infused, and frequency of access (Namyslowski and Patel, 1999). Vascular catheters can be divided into two genei groups shortterm, temporary catheters that are placed percutaneously, and long-term, indwelling vascular catheters that usually require a surgical insertion. Temporary catheters include short peripheral venous and arterial catheters, nontunneled central venous and arterial catheters, and peripherally inserted central catheters (Pearson, 1996). Tunneled central venous catheters and totally implantable intra-... 

Platiaum and its alloys are also used as biomedical electrodes, eg, platiaum—indium wires for permanent and temporary pacemaker leads and defibrillator leads. Electrophysiology catheters, which contain platinum electrodes and marker bands, have been used to map the electrical pathways of the heart so that appropriate treatment, such as a pacemaker, can be prescribed. 

Class 111, for example, prosthetic heart valves, rechargeable non-active drug delivery systems, absorbable sutures, spinal stents, neurological catheters, temporary pacemaker leads. 

Davies H. Catheter mounted valve for temporary relief of aortic insufficiency. Lancet 1965 1 250. 

Oxygen deprivation follows when blood flow is compromised by a local, temporary circulatory blockade that may occur naturally as a result of stenosis, stroke, or a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or may accompany therapeutic interventions, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Packed RBCs are not useful for restoration of oxygen delivery in these situations, because they are too large to traverse the constricted vessels or too viscous and fragile to be pumped through a perfusion balloon catheter. A number of preclinical studies in this area are summarized below. 

Ionic contrast media canse temporary prolongation of clotting time in patients treated with heparin this effect may last for 6 honrs and may interfere with laboratory assays (132). Non-ionic media do not have this anti-coagnlant effect, and if blood is allowed to mix with a non-ionic medinm in the sjringe or catheter, thrombus formation can occnr, which could be a potential cause of thromboembolism (SEDA-15, 502). 

Permanent or temporary deficits of spinal cord function are caused either by cord ischemia after arterial hypotension, or by cord compression due to an epidural or subdural hematoma or infection, or injury to the spinal cord and nerve roots as a consequence of needle puncture, introduction of a catheter, or chemical irritation. 

Initial studies of continuous intravenous prostacyclin infusion in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension have shown sustained improvement in pulmonary artery pressure, exercise capacity, and survival compared with historical controls (31,32). Minor complications (diarrhea, jaw pain, flushing, photosensitivity, and headache) were dose-related. Serious complications were related to problems with the drug delivery system, including catheter thrombosis, sepsis, and temporary interruption of the infusion, resulting in abrupt deterioration (31). 

Wong SN, Geary DF. Comparison of temporary and permanent catheters for acute peritoneal dialysis. Arch D/sCh/W.l 988 63 827-831... 

Devices that contact circulating blood (intravascular catheters, temporary pacemaker electrodes, oxygenators, dialyzers,... 

Dubreuil O, Basmadjian A, Ducharme A, et al. Percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation first in human experience with a temporary implant. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007 69 1053-61. 

Tubular Applications. Tubular prostheses and related devices include drains, catheters, and shunts, and these are always made from plastic materials such as natural rubber, silicone rubber, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Many of these devices are designed for temporary use, but some permanent devices have been used for replacement of the trachea, ureter, bile ducts, and other body tubelike parts. 

TAE is achieved by using co-axial micro-catheters in order to be able to achieve selective embolization. Most radiologists will use either coils (permanent) or gelfoam (temporary) to embolize vessels. The... 

The role of a temporary filter is different from that of a permanent or retrievable device. Its purpose is to collect thrombi and debris that might be released into die blood stream during angioplasty and thrombectomy interventions. It is, dierefore, attached to the tethering catheter while inside the body. Temporary filters are generally inserted into the jugular or femoral veins. Because of their short term use, temporary filters do not have barbs that... 

Temporary external devices range from simple tubing (for bypass or hemodialysis) to more complicated devices such as oxygenators, arterial filters, and hemodialysis equipment. For the purposes of this chapter, we will consider devices that contact blood only as external devices. Temporary internal devices include a wide range of catheters used for diagnostics and treatmenL These also include guidewires and introducers for use with catheters and cannulae for use in bypass circuits. 

Catheters are placed when there is a clinical need for repeated sampling, injection, or vascular access, usually on a temporary basis. In kidney failure, catheters allow emergent blood access for hemodialysis and hemofiltration (Canaud, 2000), and provide temporary access as more permanent sites such as arteriovenous fistulas or grafts mature rerotola, 2000). Placement of a catheter or access port is routine for the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and intravenous nutritional supplements. Catheters are often placed when frequent, repeated doses of medication are to be injected. 

The anatomic location for temporary central venous catheter (CVC) insertion and placement can be dictated by certain patient or disease restrictions, but the most common sites are the internal jugular vein (neck), the femoral vein (groin), and the subclavian position (upper chest). The internal jugular approach is the first choice for placement of a hemodialysis CVC, while femoral placement is favored when rapid insertion is essential (Canaud et al., 2000). Subclavian vein access has fallen from favor because of a higher incidence of thrombosis and stenosis associated with this site, which can ultimately prevent use of the veins in the downstream vascular tree for high-flow applications such as dialysis (Cimochowski et al., 1990 Schillinger et al., 1991). 

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