Access ports

Vascular access ports Vascular homeostasis Vasectomy Vasicine [6159-55-3]... 

Vascular access ports typically consist of a self-sealing siUcone septum within a rigid housing which is attached to a radiopaque catheter (see Radiopaques). The catheter must be fabricated from a low modulus elastomeric polymer capable of interfacing with both soft tissue and the cardiovascular environment. A low modulus polyurethane-based elastomer is preferred to ensure minimal trauma to the fragile vein. 

Placement of vascular access ports is similar to that of a long-term indwelling arterial catheter. A small incision is made over the selected vein and a second incision is made lower in the anterior chest to create a pocket to house the port. The catheter is tuimeled subcutaneously from its entry point into the vein with the tip inside the right atrium. The final position of the catheter is verified by fluoroscopy, secured with sutures, and the subcutaneous pocket is closed. The port septum is easily palpable transcutaneously, and the system may be used immediately. A surgeon typically inserts the vascular access port in an outpatient setting. 

Estimate acceptable air leakages resulting from leakage around static and rotary seals, valves, access ports, and other items of mechanical nature required for process operation from the following equations and the specific leak rates 0 indicated in Table 6-8, which is based on w < 10 lb/hr. 

Howitzer (Trademark of Reactor Experiments, Inc). The assembly is a 6-cu ft cylindrical Lucite tank filled with distilled water and containing three access ports (Fig 3). The large spherical container on the right is the shielded storage cask for the 2S2Cf neutron source when not in use... 

Two 0.6 m diameter access ports (manholes) situated 1.0 m above the... 

Garramone, J.P (1986). Vascular Access Port Model SLA. User s Manual. Norfolk Medical Products, Skokie, IL. 

Sinko et al. [92] established an Intestinal and Vascular Access Port (IVAP) model where dogs were fitted with three intestinal catheters for site-specific administration to various section of the intestine (i.e. duodenum, ileum, and colon), one vascular catheter for access to the portal vein, and a peripheral vein (e.g. branchial) for IV access. The animals were allowed to recover for 2 weeks prior to initiation of studies. The extent of intestinal versus hepatic first-pass metabolism was determined by comparing blood levels following intra-duodenal (AUQ.d.) versus portal (AUVi.p.v.) versus intravenous (AUQ.V.) administration. The model also lends itself to a comparison of the impact of site-specific preferential absorption, and hence a determination of the optimal site for intestinal delivery. 

Kunta JR, Lee SH, Perry BA, Lee YH and Sinko PJ (2004) Differentiation of Gut and Hepatic First-Pass Loss of Verapamil in Intestinal and Vascular Access-Ported (IVAP) Rabbits. Drug Metab Dispos 32 pp 1293-1298. 

The apparatus is modified from that of Klerx et al. (1) and is represented diagrammatically in Fig. 1. High cell densities can be maintained by constant perfusion of medium through the hollow fibers of dialysis membrane (molecular weight cutoff usually 10,000) with minimal dilution of the MAb. The assembled apparatus, which can be moved readily around the laboratory on a small trolley, is designed for use m a controlled 37°C warm room, but can also be set up in an incubator that has the appropriate access ports. The equipment is inexpensive, and is simple to assemble and operate. 

Product access port connectors (2/cartridge) Push a male/female adapter R90 into the barb hose part of the dialysate hose connector and reinforce with 2 cm of tubing (see Fig. 2). Protect adapter end with a male luer lock cap R96. 

Remove the protector from the right-hand access port. Take out a washing port connector tubing from its bag (ensure that the male adapter is protected with the R94 plug). Fix it to the access port with the spring loading connector (see Fig. 2 and Note 15). 

Fix the second access port connector tubing to the left-hand port in the same way... 

Remove the safety cap from the right-hand SP38, and remove the R94 from the right-hand access port connector tubing Lock the two together (see Note 16). 

Remove the aluminum foil and cap from either the output tubing or the input tubing of a sterile empty small reservoir. This will collect the discarded washings Remove the R94 plug from the left access port connector tubing and lock the tubing onto the reservoir. 

Detach the washings reservoir by removing the left dialysate hose connector from the dialysis cartridge, and replace it with a product access port connector Ensure that the end is protected with an R96 cap before opening the bag. 

Detach the right dialysate hose connector, and replace it with the second product access port connector (capped)... 

Remove the cap from the lower access port tap Lock on a 50-mL syringe (see Fig. 2)... 

Open the tap at the top access port, and loosen the cap to allow air to pass into the cartridge... 

Spray the access port taps with disinfectant or alcohol... 

If there are air bubbles in the extracapillary space, tilt the bioreactor to the vertical, so that they accumulate at the syringe access port (which will now be at the top) Open the tap of the syringe port only, and gently draw the air into the syringe. Close the tap. The reduced pressure created within the bioreactor will be compensated for by the flow of medium through the membranes (see Note 22). 

Modulator Room. The power supplies, pulse-forming network, and r.f. drivers for the accelerator are all located in a steel vault in the modulator room. This room is provided with access ports and a 1-foot square sand-filled trough to permit cables to be installed between the Linac cell and the modulator room and between the cobalt cell and the modulator room. In addition, ports are provided, through which an Omniscope may be inserted to observe operations within the cells during operation. 

FIGURE 17-2 Schematic representation of an implantable vascular access port that can be used with PCA. The port can be connected to a PCA pump via a percutaneous needle, and a catheter leads from the port to a large central vein. [From Knox LS. Crit Care Nurse. 1987 7 71 with permission.]... 

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