Hematoma subdural

Hemorrhagic stroke is a result of bleeding into the brain and other spaces within the central nervous system and includes subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subdural hematomas. 

A third case describes a 72-year-old woman who developed a left frontal subdural hematoma after taking ginkgo 50 mg three times daily for 6-7 months... 

Rowin J, Lewis S. Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic ginkgo biloba ingestion. Neurology 46 1775-1776, 1996. 

Hemorrhagic strokes account for 12% of strokes and include subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subdural hematomas. Subarachnoid hemorrhage may result from trauma or rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a ruptured blood vessel within the brain parenchyma causes formation of a hematoma. Subdural hematomas are most often caused by trauma. 

CNS disorders (brain tumor, strokes, head injuries, subdural hematoma, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, temporal lobe seizures, Huntington s disease)... 

Rowland LP. (1998). Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 160(suppl 1) S6-24. Rowin J, Lewis SL. (1996). Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion. Neurology. 46(6) 1775-6. 

A 6-month-old infant is seen in the emei ency room with a fractured rib and subdural hematoma. The child s hair is thin, colorless, and tangled. His serum copper level is 5.5 nM (normal for age, 11-12 nM). Developmental delay is prominent. A deficiency of vhich enzyme activity most dosely relates to these symptoms ... 

Alessandri, B., Qian, Y., Di, X., and Bullock, R. Reducing hemoglobin oxygen affinity does not increase hydroxyl radicals after acute subdural hematoma in the rat./. Neurotrauma 1999, 16, 123-133. 

Several case reports of spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic ginkgo use have been reported ( 241, 242). Although these reports may simply reflect the underlying vascular problems for which ginkgo is most often taken, they may also be due to the effect of ginkgo on platelet function. There has also been one case of tonic-clonic seizures and loss of consciousness following a ginkgo overdose in an infant ( 243). 

Search for and treat complicating illnesses such as pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic decompensation, pancreatitis, subdural hematoma, and fractures. 

Ito M, Miyajima T, Fujii T, Okuno T. Subdural hematoma during low-dose ACTH therapy in patients with West syndrome. Neurology 2000 54(12) 2346-7. 

A 40-year-old Korean woman who had taken oxy-metholone for aplastic anemia (doses not stated) developed cerebral venous thrombosis accompanied by a tentorial subdural hematoma (30). 

Chu K, Kang DW, Kim DE, Roh JK. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with tentorial subdural hematoma during oxymetholone therapy. J Neurol Sci 2001 185(l) 27-30. 

Misdiagnosis of stroke is not uncommon and it is well recognized that nonvascular conditions such as brain tumor, subdural hematoma and cerebral abscess may mimic cerebral ischemia (Groch et al. 1960). Misdiagnosis occurs if details regarding past history are lacking. This may be because the patient is aphasic, comatose or demented. A careful patient... 

Although intracranial mass lesions such as cerebral abscess, subdural hematoma and brain tumors do not usually present with acute stroke-like symptom onset, 6% of brain tumor patients presented with symptoms of less than 24-h duration (Snyder et al. 1993). Misdiagnosis of these cases is easily prevented by CT or MRI and should not play a major role nowadays. 

Transient glucose hypermetabolism after acute subdural hematoma in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 76,471-477. 

Miller J. D Bullock R Graham D. I., Chen M. H and Teasdale G. M. (1990) Ischemic brain damage in a model of acute subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery 27, 433-439. 

Chest x-ray showed mild unfolding of the aortic arch and scattered calcifications in the area of the aortic valve. There was no change in cardiac size. To exclude the presence of subdural hematoma, a CT of the head was obtained but showed no focal abnormalities. However, there was mild diffuse bilateral cortical atrophy, especially in the frontal areas. 

A 52-year-old man with risk factors, including a subdural hematoma and three prior episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome secondary to chlorpromazine, loxapine, and lithium, developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome while taking clozapine (105). 

Duggal HS. Clozapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and subdural hematoma. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004 16 118-9. 

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma related to cocaine abuse has been described (153). 

Alves OL, Gomes O. Cocaine-related acute subdural hematoma an emergent cause of cerebrovascular accident. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2000 142(7) 819-21. 

Disorders with space-occupying effect Primary brain tumor Metastatic brain tumor Subdural hematoma (posttrauma) Normal-pressure hydrocephalus Neurosurgical management... 

Fig. 7.3. Brain CT scans showing an acute hyperintense left subdural hematoma with mass effect (a) and chronic bilateral hypodense subdural hematoma (b).

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