Techniques accident reporting

Management must institute procedures to assess levels of compliance with agreed standards for safety. Techniques include environmental and/or biological monitoring, health surveillance, safety audits, safety inspections, and procedures for accident reporting, investigation and analysis. Communication is essential, e.g. by provision of information (on specific chemicals, processes, etc.), safety meetings, notices, safety bulletins etc. 

A typical system safety task for hazard identification would be the preparation of a preliminary hazard list (PHL). Hazard identification or discovery is accomplished by reviewing lessons learned, accident reports, and other historical data. A PHL may be prepared through an informal conference, the use of checklists, and occasionally other techniques such as energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA). 

New drivers — All new drivers shall receive, as part of the Company s driver orientation, initial training in safe defensive driving and adverse weather techniques, accident at-the-scene and reporting procedures, and the consequences for preventable accidents mandated by company policy. 

Descriptive statistics are techniques used to describe a population or sample. One cannot draw conclusions using descriptive statistics. For example, suppose a safety manager collects information from accident report forms about the age of workers that suffered a back injury. The average age for the sample was found to be 45 years old. The only conclusion the safety manager can make is that the average age of those persons from which the sample was selected is 45 years old. He or she cannot conclude that the average age for all people ever suffering from a back injury is 45 years... 

Additional data that can be included in the report are the name of the injured employee, medical costs, type of injury, and the name of the supervisor. Quarterly reports on vehicle accidents should include a comparison between the current and the previous year. The statistics should include the number of preventable, non-preventable, and total accidents by department. Reports should be circulated to management and the entire supervisory force. In addition, the reports can be used at monthly safety meetings. Smaller utilities may not have sufficient data to publish reports as frequently as every three months other techniques can be used to bring the information to the attention of the employee group. Specific records and reports include employee accident records, occupational injury reports, vehicle accident reports, and public injury reports. 

Traffic-conflict techniques are used to improve the statistical basis for decisions on safety measures, i.e. the aim is similar to that of near-accident reporting (cf. Chapter 13). There is one important difference, however. Whereas near accidents are usually reported by the involved personnel, traffic-conflict techniques utilise specially trained observers located directly in the traffic. There are differences between the traffic-conflict techniques developed in different countries. A comparison between eight different European techniques showed that they all evaluated the severity of the conflict in a similar way although there were differences in the scales applied (Englund et al., 1998). The Swedish traffic-conflict technique, which is a representative example, applies two central concepts ... 

These topics are the subject of DOE Standard DOE-STD-1027-92, "Hazard Categorization and Accident Analysis Techniques for Compliance with DOE Order 5480.23 Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports," which provides guidance for facility managers and Cognizant Secretarial Offices (CSOs). They are also discussed in the DOE Standard DOE-STD-3009-94,... 

P or Pat PA or PicArsn PACLR PAGLR PACT PAMR or picArsnMemRept Partington(1950) Pascal(1930) PATR or PicArsnTech Rept PATR 1401(Rev 1)1 (1950) i Patent Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ Picatinny Arsenal Chemical Laboratory Report Picatinny Arsenal General Laboratory Report Prevention des Accidents-Con troles Techniques(Bruxelles) Picatinny Arsenal Memorandum Report J.R.Partington, "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Macmillan, London(l95( P.Pascal,"Explosifs, Poudres, Gaz de Com bat, Hermann, Paris(1930) Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report, Dover, New Jersey Wm. H.Rinkenbach A.J.Clear, Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report No 1401, (1950), "Standard Laboratory Procedure for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives ... 

Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ Picatinny Arsenal Chemical Laboratory Report Picatinny Arsenal General Laboratory Report Prevention des Accidents-Controles Techniques(Bruxelles)... 

Evacuation procedures, observation techniques, decontamination, accident area off-limits, and notification and reporting. 

Hazard Analysis—The determination of material, system, process, and plant characteristics that can produce undesirable consequences, followed by the assessment of hazardous situations associated with a process or activity. Largely qualitative techniques are used to pinpoint weaknesses in design or operation of the facility that could lead to accidents. The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) hazard analysis examines the complete spectrum of potential accidents that could expose members of the public, on-site woikers, facility workers, and the environment to hazardous materials. 

DOE-STD-1027-92, Hazard Categorization and Accident Analysis Techniques for Compliance with DOE 0 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports . 

Everdij, M.H.C. Review of techniques to support the EATMP safety assessment methodology. Report for EEC Safety Methods Survey Project, volume I and II (2004) Hollnagel, E. Barriers and Accident Prevention. Ashgate, Aldershot (2004)... 

Technical Authority (ITA) recommended in the report of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. The risk analysis itself is described in the chapter on the new hazard analysis technique called STPA (chapter 8). But the first step in the safety or risk analysis is the same as for technical systems to identify the system hazards to be avoided, to generate a set of requirements for the new management structure, and to design the control structure. 

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