Tartaric acid potassium-antimony

Cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis and ulceration. Several salts (e.g. tartar emetic potassium antimony tartrate) have been used therapeutically as parasiticides. The dark cosmetic Kohl is finely powdered antimony sulphide. Stibine poisonous gas SbHj, produced by action of acid on antimony residues, such as can occur in storage batteries. Nausea, vomiting, colic, can be fatal. Stibine produces liver damage and jaundice, as does arsine. 

Tartrate. See D-Tartaric acid Tartrated antimony. See Antimony potassium... 

Tartaric acid is noteworthy for a) the excellent way in which the majority of its salts Crystallise, and h) the frequent occurrence of salts having mixed cations. Examples of the latter are sodium potassium tartrate (or Rochelle salt), C4H40 NaK, used for the preparation of Fehling s solution (p. 525), sodium ammonium tartrate, C4H OaNaNH4, used by Pasteur for his early optical resolution experiments, and potassium antimonyl tartrate (or Tartar Emetic), C4H404K(Sb0). The latter is prepared by boiling a solution of potassium hydrogen tartrate (or cream of tartar ) with antimony trioxide,... 

In the days of alchemy and the phlogiston theory, no system of nomenclature that would be considered logical ia the 1990s was possible. Names were not based on composition, but on historical association, eg, Glauber s salt for sodium sulfate decahydrate and Epsom salt for magnesium sulfate physical characteristics, eg, spirit of wiae for ethanol, oil of vitriol for sulfuric acid, butter of antimony for antimony trichloride, Hver of sulfur for potassium sulfide, and cream of tartar for potassium hydrogen tartrate or physiological behavior, eg, caustic soda for sodium hydroxide. Some of these common or trivial names persist, especially ia the nonchemical Hterature. Such names were a necessity at the time they were iatroduced because the concept of molecular stmcture had not been developed, and even elemental composition was incomplete or iadeterminate for many substances. 

A similar procedure may also be used for the determination of antimony(V), whilst antimony (III) may be determined like arsenic(III) by direct titration with standard iodine solution (Section 10.113), but in the antimony titration it is necessary to include some tartaric acid in the solution this acts as complexing agent and prevents precipitation of antimony as hydroxide or as basic salt in alkaline solution. On the whole, however, the most satisfactory method for determining antimony is by titration with potassium bromate (Section 10.133). 

The introduction of reversible redox indicators for the determination of arsenic(III) and antimony(III) has considerably simplified the procedure those at present available include 1-naphthoflavone, and p-ethoxychrysoidine. The addition of a little tartaric acid or potassium sodium tartrate is recommended when antimony(III) is titrated with bromate in the presence of the reversible... 

Procedure. Dissolve a suitable weight of the sample of lead in 6M nitric acid add a little 50 per cent aqueous tartaric acid to clear the solution if antimony or tin is present. Cool, transfer to a separatory funnel, and dilute to about 25 mL. Add concentrated ammonia solution to the point where the slight precipitate will no longer dissolve on shaking, then adjust the pH to 1, using nitric acid or ammonia solution. Add 1 mL freshly prepared 1 per cent cupferron solution, mix, and extract with 5 mL chloroform. Separate the chloroform layer, and repeat the extraction twice with 1 mL portions of cupferron solution + 5 mL of chloroform. Wash the combined chloroform extracts with 5mL of water. Extract the bismuth from the chloroform by shaking with two 10 mL portions of 1M sulphuric acid. Run the sulphuric acid solution into a 25 mL graduated flask. Add 3 drops saturated sulphur dioxide solution and 4 mL of 20 per cent aqueous potassium iodide. Dilute to volume and measure the transmission at 460 nm. 

It is oxidized to antimony pentoxide, 86205 on treatment with nitric acid and forms potassium antimony tartrate (tartar emetic, KSb(OH)2 C4H2O6) when heated with acid potassium tartrate. 

The experimental apparatus is shown in Figure 6. A concentrated basic solution of potassium antimony tartrate containing sodium borohydride is used. A sufficient amount of tartaric acid is added to prevent hydrolysis and precipitation of the resulting antimony compound. The solution is delivered with a syringe drive under the surface of a solution of 4 N sulfuric acid, and stibine is produced in the acidic medium. The net reation in the flask is... 

SYNS POTASSIUM ANTIMONYL-l-TARTRATE 1-TARTARIC ACID, ANTIMONY POTASSIUM SALT... 

The fastness of basic dyes can be improved by after-treatment with tannic acid, in order to convert the dyestuff into its comparatively insoluble tannic acid salt. The wet-fastness is further improved by the action of an antimony salt which forms an even more insoluble dye-tannic acid-antimony complex. The most convenient antimony compound to use is tartar emetic , w hich is a popular name for potassium antimony tartrate, 2(K(Sb0).C4H40g).H20. The treatment is carried out in the following manner the dyed goods are worked in a bath containing 1 per cent of... 

Antimony Tetrasulphide, SbjS. —This was obtained by Berzelius by passing hydrogen sulphide gas into a solution of the tetroxide. Rose was able to obtain it from the decomposition of an aqueous solution of the fusion-product of the trisulphide and bisulphato of potassium by tartaric acid. It is a reddish-yellow powder. 

Tartar emetic. See Antimony potassium tartrate Tartaric acid (INCI). See L-Tartaric acid (-)-(2S,3S)-Tartaric acid. See D-Tartaric acid... 

Sodium antimonylgluconate is a trivalent antimony derivative. The total antimony is determined after wet combustion by reduction with potassium iodide in the presence of tartaric acid, boiling off the iodine completely, making alkaline with sodium hydroxide, then just acid with dilute sulphuric acid, and titrating in bicarbonate solution with 0-05N iodine. 1 ml = 0 003044 g Sb. Trivalent antimony can be determined polarographically as described above directly on the material. 

Tartar emetic is manufactured by heating an aqueous solution of potassium bitartrate (44) with metallic antimony in the presence of nitric acid to oxidise the metal [41]. Alternatively, an aqueous solution of 44 is heated with antimony oxide in the presence of excess oxalic acid maintaining the pH of the solution around 1-3 [42]. 

The salts of antimony used as mordants are of two kinds—either basic or acid the former is used for thickening, the latter for decolorising. The ordinary mordants are tartar emetic, double oxalSte of potassium and antimony, and fluoride of antimony. They are always used after the application of tannin, when they form antimony tannates. Oxymuriate of antimony is another form of mordant. It is sold as a concentrated solution, made by dissolving metallic antimony in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and n itric acid, diluted very cautiously to 80° Tw. (specific gravity 1 -4). The tartar emetic, as used, has the formula —... 

Phosphorus is analyzed by atomic absorption and ICP emission spectrometry and neutron activation techniques. The total phosphorus contents can be estimated colorimetrically by classical wet methods (American Public Health Association... 1995). Phosphorus is oxidized to orthophosphate by digesting with potassium persulfate. The solution is treated with ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartarate in an acid medium to form an antimony-phosphomolybdate complex that is reduced by ascorbic acid to form a deep blue coloration, the intensity of which is proportional to the concentration of phosphorus. The absorbance is measmed at 650 nm by a spectrophotometer. Alternatively, it can be analyzed colorimetrically by an autoanalyzer (Technicon model). 

Stearic Acid, Ammonium Salt Ammonium Stearate Tartar Emetic Antimony Potassium... 

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