Tannin sulfonates

The sulfite extract performed nearly as well as the peanut skin tannin in bonding to nylon. Use of a tannin sulfonate derivative does not seem to hinder the development of strong bonds (compare peanut skin and sulfite extracts from pine bark). Likewise, the presence of carbohydrates in the tannin extracts does... 

Kreibich R E, Hemingway R W 1987 Condensed tannin-sulfonates in cold-setting wood-laminating adhesives. For Prod J 37 (2) 43-46... 

Internal treatment-related problems may take the form of organic material present in deposits of iron oxide corrosion debris and salt scales. The material typically is present as carbonized organic components and may originate from water treatment chemicals such as quebracho, wattle, pymgallol, or other tannin derivatives. Also, acrylates, starches, sulfonated lignins, and other sludge dispersants may be present. 

Similar to tannins, the polycarboxylic acid group provides a chelating function that ties up metal ions. The anionic sulfonate group functionality confers both solubility and dispersing capability for multivalent cations (calcium, iron, etc.). 

Organophilic polyphenolic materials for oil-based drilling fluids have been described [407], The additives are prepared from a polyphenolic material and one or more phosphatides. The phosphatides are phosphoglycerides obtained from vegetable oils, preferably commercial lecithin. Humic acids, ligno-sulfonic acid, lignins, phenolic condensates, tannins the oxidized, sulfonated, or sulfomethylated derivatives of these polyphenolic materials may serve as polyphenolic materials. 

An additive described as reducing the water loss and enhancing other properties of well-treating fluids in high-temperature subterranean environments consists of polymers or copolymers from N-vinyl lactam monomers or vinyl-containing sulfonate monomers. Organic compounds like lignites, tannins, and asphaltic materials are added as dispersants [175]. 

Thinners and dispersants are used to prevent excessive flocculation of clay particles and maintain pumpability of the fluid. Tannins, various lignosulfonate salts, sodium tetraphosphate and other phosphates, and synthetic polymers such as sodium poly(styrene sulfonate-co-maleic anhydride) have been used. 

Dispersant materials include condensed phosphates, organic polymeric dispersants. poly(meth)aerylatcs. polymaleates. condensed phosphates, poly-sulfonates. sulfonated polycondcnsatcs. and tannins, lignins, glucosides, and alginates. 

However, the immediate prospect of tannin activation via facile ring isomerization and without introduction of solubilizing sulfonic groups, is the reduction of resorcinol requirements in those cold-set mimosa-resorcinol-formaldehyde... 

The condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids are used for dyeing and printings on nylon fibres, especially for the after treatment of carpets, to improve their wet fasmess by up to about two ratings. Their common name is syntan, derived from synthetic tannin . Figure 13.3 shows typical structures of syntans... 

Dyes are also classified on the basis of their application. The water-soluble dyes which are the salts of sulfonic acid or phenolic compounds are named acid dyes] those which are the salts of amino compounds are called basic. If the dyeing is accomplished without use of mordants the dyes are called direct. Dyes which require the use of metallic oxides, tannin, and other substances to give fast shades are called mordant dyes. The water-insoluble dyes are known as vat dyes. The insoluble colored substance is reduced in a fermentation vat or by hydrosulfite to a soluble form which is applied to the fiber then oxidized by air to the insoluble color. Finally ingrain dyes are produced by performing one or more of the chemical reactions used for the preparation of the dye directly on the fiber. 

Leukanol [Rohm Haas]. TM for synthetic tanning assistants of the sulfonic type supplied in liquid and solid grades. Powerful dispersants for vegetable tannins, and bleaches for chrome-tanned leather. 

Synthetic tanning agents are sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and phenols. They have fungistatic properties and are therefore used in combination with vegetable tannins. 

Cassiteiite Sn02 H2SO4 lime, tannin, BaCb R-830, 845, phosphoric acid, arsonic acid, sulfonated succinic acid alcohol cresylic acid Na2Si03... 

Plant foods contain a number of bioactive substances, including phenolics. Phenolics such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and tannins have antioxidant properties, whilst the fermentation process has been demonstrated to modify the amount of these contents. l,l-Diphenyl-2-picryldrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothi-azoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) are tests commonly used to determine the free radical-scavenging effectiveness of compounds in evaluating the antioxidant activity of food systems. 

---