Salt scaling

Relative freedom from salting, scaling, and foiihng... 

Deposition involves the formation and precipitation of both crystalline and amorphous (noncrystalline) scales and the ultimate adherence of these mineral salt scales onto a heat transfer surface. Problems of deposition have the deleterious effect of reducing the rate of heat transfer, thus increasing the heat input requirements and raising the costs of operation. In addition, deposition reduces the efficiency of cooling the fabric of the boiler (especially the heat transfer metals), which leads to long-term problems of fatigue failure. 

The need to prevent deposition on boiler surfaces (resulting principally from hardness salt scaling by calcium carbonate and other alkaline earth metals)... 

Internal treatment-related problems may take the form of organic material present in deposits of iron oxide corrosion debris and salt scales. The material typically is present as carbonized organic components and may originate from water treatment chemicals such as quebracho, wattle, pymgallol, or other tannin derivatives. Also, acrylates, starches, sulfonated lignins, and other sludge dispersants may be present. 

Concrete exposed to deicer salts, or to a marine environment is subjected to chloride and sodium loading. The ability of concrete to resist the penetration of chlorides and sodium is a primary design consideration in marine or cold environments. The ingress of chlorides into concrete is a major problem due to chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel and deicer salt scaling [a process by which a thin layer (< 1 mm) of concrete deteriorates from the surface of the concrete]. The penetration of sodium from sea water or deicer salts is generally... 

Foy, C., Pigeon, M., Banthia, N. (1988) Freeze-Thaw Durability and Deicer Salt Scaling Resistance of a 0.25 Water-Cement Ratio Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.18, pp. 604—614. 

Briqnest . [Albright Wilson Am.] niosphoidc acids and salts scale/cor-rosion inhibitors for water treatmoit,... 

Chemphonate. [Chemron] Phosphonic and phosphoric acids and salts scale inhibitors for oilfield prod. 

Chemphonate. [Chmmtm] Phosphonic and pho horic adds and salts scale inhibitors fix oilfield jxod. 

CAS 7758-29-4 EINECS/ELINCS 213-837-7 Uses Water softener sequestrant peptizer deflocculant dispersant for clay and other mins, and insoi. salts scale inhibitor for CaCOj and other scales corrosion inhibitor of ferrous metal corrosion used in laundry, dishwash, and industrial detergents, tile mfg., textile processing, paper mfg., cement mfg. pigment dispersant in paints corrosion/scaie inhibitor, sequestrant for water treatment... 

Sodium polyacrylate-acrylamide resin scale control agent, soil removal Acrylic acid/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate terpolymer sodium salt scale control agent, water treatment Acrylic acid/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate terpolymer sodium salt scale inhibitor... 

Other fluid properties must also be considered. These include heat of solution, toxicity, explosion hazards, radioactivity, and ease of cleaning. Salting, scaling, and fouling result in steadily diminishing heat transfer rates, until the evaporator must be shut down and cleaned. Some deposits may be difficult and expensive to remove. 

Sahmaran, M., Li, V.C. (2007) De-icing salt scaling resistance of mechanically loaded engineered cementitious composites , Cem. and Concr. Res., 37 1035—46. 

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