Peanut skin

Fig. 2.108. (a) Whole Red Delicious apple extract, (b) Cinnamon extract. Labels correspond to the predominant A-type oligomers in the extract, (c) Peanut skin extract UV traces at 280 nm for a 10 p injection of various samples. Peak identification P, = monomers P2 = dimers P3 = trimers P4 = tetramers P5 = pentamers P6 = hexamers P7 = heptamers P8 = octamers P9 = nonamers P10 = decamers Pn = undecamers P12 = dodecamers. Reprinted with permission from S. A. Lazarus el al. [243]. 

Lou, H. et al.. Polyphenols from peanut skins and their free radical-scavenging effects. Phytochemistry, 65, 2391, 2004. 

Four types of condensed tannins were studied in the adhesive dips 1) extracts from pecan nut pith obtained by digestion with aqueous sodium sulfite-sodium carbonate solutions, 2) purified tannins from southern pine bark, 3) extracts from southern pine bark obtained by digestion with aqueous sodium sulfite-sodium carbonate solutions, and 4) tannins extracted with acetone-water solutions from peanut skins. 

For the preparation of the peanut skin tannin, the red skins were separated from residual nut and hull material by hand sorting, and then about 30 lb of skins were extracted with acetone-water (60 40 v/v) at a liquor-to-skins ratio of 5 to 1 at 50 °C for 4 hr in a stainless steel tank. The extract was filtered through a fiberglass mat, the acetone was removed under vacuum on a rotary evaporator, and the aqueous solution was freeze-dried. 

The sulfite extract performed nearly as well as the peanut skin tannin in bonding to nylon. Use of a tannin sulfonate derivative does not seem to hinder the development of strong bonds (compare peanut skin and sulfite extracts from pine bark). Likewise, the presence of carbohydrates in the tannin extracts does... 

Figure 2. Pullout forces of polyester cords for various tannin-containing adhesive dips as a function of percent resorcinol. 1, pecan pith sulfite extract 2, purified pine bark tannin 3, pine bark sulfite extract 4, peanut skin tannin.

Figure 7. Comparison of the pullout forces of polyester and nylon cords for dips containing peanut skin tannin.

Authors Hamed and Chung are grateful to the Southern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, for a cooperative grant (19-86-037) supporting this work. We thank Boise Cascade Corporation for supplies of southern pine bark, the Robertson Corporation for supplies of pecan nut pith, Associates Research Management Corporation for peanut skins, and Gen Corporation for resins and cord materials. 

Randall, J. M., Reuter, F. W., and Waiss, A. C. (1975). Removal of cupric ion from solution by contact with peanut skins. ]. Appl. Polym. Sci. 19,1563-1571. 

Procyanidins (e.g., monomeric catechin and epicatechin) can form oligomers up to dodecameis. These compounds were extracted iiom apples and separated on a 37 C silica column X — 280 nm or 276 nm, ex 326 ntn, em). A complex 70-min 82/14/4-> 10/86/4 dichloromethane/methanol/(l/l acetic acid/water) gradient generated good resolution and peak shapes [783], Cinnamon and peanut skin extract chromatograms showed the presence of dimers through pentameis. Electrospray MS was used to confirm peak identity. 

Peanut skin 30% ethanol 285 W 30 s Total phenolics Ballard et al. 2010 [105]... 

Ballard TS, MalUkarjunan P, Zhou K, O Keefe S (2010) Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidant compounds from peanut skins. Food Chem 120(4) 1185-1192... 

Raw or processed peanuts are excellent sources of riboflavin and niacin, and peanut skins are high in the B vitamins. 

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