Tank waste streams

Salts of actinides are very common in waste streams. In particular, nitrates, chlorides, and sulfates are found in tank waste streams that were formed by neutralization of highly acidic solutions at several DOE sites, such as Hanford and Savannah River. The aqueous solubility of these salts is very high, and hence, it is a challenge to stabilize them. As we shall see in case studies, the CBPC matrix has good promise in handling these waste streams. 

To reduce costs of the more expensive platiag solutioas and decrease the amount of hazardous or regulated material ia a waste stream, recovery and reuse of the drag-out is a common practice. This is done by closing off the water flow to the first tinse tank foHowiag the process tank, and periodicaHy... 

In the liquid-hquid extraction area, in the mining industry, coming out of the leach tanks is normally a slurry, in which the desired mineral is dissolved in the liquid phase. To save the expense of separation, usually by filtration or centrifugation, attempts have been made to use a resident pump extraction system in which the organic material is contacted directly with the slurry. The main economic disadvantage to this proposed system is the fact that considerable amounts of organic liquid are entrained in the aqueous slurry system, which, after the extraction is complete, is discarded. In many systems this has caused an economic loss of solvent into this waste stream. 

Corrective Action Application At a hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facility in Washington State, a cyanide-bearing waste required treatment. The influent waste stream contained 15 percent cyanide. Electrolytic oxidation was used to reduce the cyanide concentration to less than 5 percent. Alkaline chlorination was used to further reduce the cyanide concentration to 50 mg/1 (the cleanup objective). The electrolytic process was used as a first stage treatment because the heat of reaction, using alkaline chlorination to treat the concentrated cyanide waste, would be so great that it would melt the reactor tank. 

Distribution box Serves to distribute the flow from the septic tank evenly to the absorption field or seepage pits. It is important that each trench or pit receive an equal amount of flow. This prevents overloading of one part of the system. Dissolved solids Chemical substances either organic or inorganic that are dissolved in a waste stream and constitute the residue when a sample is evaporated to dryness. 

Many similar incidents have occurred when a stirrer or circulating pump stopped. For example, an acidic waste stream in a tank was neutralized with chalk slurry. The operator realized that the liquid going to drain was too acidic. Looking around, he then found that the stirrer had stopped. He switched it on again. The acid and chalk, which had formed two separate layers, reacted violently, and the gas produced blew the bolted lid off the tank. 

The flow of water out of a tank or water system. The opposite of influent. A waste stream. 

The waste streams from the H-Area processes are evaporated, acid-stripped, and adjusted to pH > 13 by addition of NaOH before storage in underground double-shell tanks. 

The waste milk in dairy wastewaters mostly comes from start-up and shut-down operations performed in the high-temperature, short-time pasteurization process. This waste is pure milk raw material mixed with water. Another wastewater of the dairy sector originates from equipment and tank-cleaning wastewaters. These waste streams contain waste milk and sanitary cleaners that are the principal waste constituents of dairy wastewater. Over time, milk waste degrades to form corrosive lactic and formic acids. Approximately 90% of a dairy s wastewater load is milk. 

A mass balance. Equation 1, can be written around the waste streams leaving and entering the waste holding tank. 

The k term is required because the pesticide concentration leaving the Carbolator will not be zero, therefore (1-k) describes the pesticides remaining in the waste stream. Since X is really the concentration (C) within the tank times the tank volume (V), CV can be substituted for X as shown in Equation 2. 

The Unipnre Environmental, Unipnre process technology is a unique iron co-precipitation method for removal of heavy metals from waste streams or groundwater. It can act as a primary metal-removal system or as a polishing step to an existing treatment system. The reactor mod-nle replaces the nentrahzation tank in a conventional wastewater treatment system. The process prodnces solids that are extremely insolnble in water and mild acid solutions. 

W. P. Bloxam does not recommend the preparation of this salt by passing hydrogen sulphide into an alcoholic soln. of ammonia because a complex salt, (NH S.wNHiS, is obtained, and the crystals contain alcohol. R. Laming made an aq. soln. of ammonium hydrosulphide by heating ammonium carbonate or gas liquor with sodium sulphide P. Spence, by heating the tank waste from the Leblanc soda process or gas lime with ammonium salts in a stream of steam and J. J. Berzelius recommended subliming a mixture of ammonium chloride and potassium sulphide—not in excess. 

Figure 2.2-1 illustrates how arsenic wastewater flows through that facility. The first three arsenic sources were thought to be minor and composed of soluble araenic. These waste streams flow directly to the HF preholding tank and are not involved in the Slurry Recovery process. Sample acquisition for these sources required the operator to perform the wash process in a container with graduations on the sides for volume measurement. Samples were taken after the processes were completed. Arsenic analysis waa done on the measured wash solution and with this analysis and the number of ingots or wafers cleaned or etched, a total arsenic contribution was calculated. 

Committee on the Management of Certain Radioactive Waste Streams Stored in Tanks at Three Department of Energy Sites National Research Council. 2006. Tank waste retrieval, processing, and on-site disposal at three Department of Energy sites Final Report. National Academy of Sciences. 

At PBCDF and TOCDF, if the chemical agent concentration is below 20 ppb for GB, 20 ppb for VX, or 200 ppb for HD, it may be shipped for off-site disposal (UDEQ, 2004 ADEQ, 2006). At PBCDF, if the chemical agent concentration is equal to or above the WCF, additional decontamination solution will be added to the tank, the contents of the tank will be mixed, and another sample will be analyzed for chemical agent. Also, off-site management must ensure that the SDS is directly fed into an incinerator from either the tanker truck or tanks dedicated to storing only this waste stream (ADEQ, 2006). 

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