Tank Volume

The collection of representative reservoir fluid samples is important in order to establish the PVT properties - phase envelope, bubble point, Rg, B, and the physical properties - composition, density, viscosity. These values are used to determine the initial volumes of fluid in place in stock tank volumes, the flow properties of the fluid both in the reservoir and through the surface facilities, and to identify any components which may require special treatment, such as sulphur compounds. 

The formation volume factor for water (B, reservoir volume per stock tank volume), is close to unity (typically between 1.00 and 1.07 rb/stb, depending on amount of dissolved gas, and reservoir conditions), and is greater than unity due to the thermal contraction and evolution of gas from reservoir to stock tank conditions. 

For blending of low viscosity Hquids to practical homogeneity, turnover of three tank volumes is normally adequate. For viscous Hquids or for a higher degree of Hquid homogeneity, a greater number of turnovers is needed. 

Calculation of Tank Volume A tank may be a sin e geometrical element, such as a cylinder, a sphere, or an ellipsoid. It may also have a compound form, such as a c inder with hemispherical ends or a combination of a toroid and a sphere. To determine the volume, each geometrical element usually must be calculated separately. Calculations for a full tank are usually simple, but calculations for partially filled tanks may be complicated. 

When a tank volume cannot be calculated or when greater precision is required, calibration may be necessaiy. This is done by draining (or filling) the tank and measuring the volume of liquid. The... 

In the plant-size unit, Fig. 18-26 must be translated into a mass-transfer-rate curve for the particiilar tank volume and operating condition selected. Every time a new physical condition is selected, a different cui ve similar to that of Fig. 18-27 is obtained. 

An anaerobic digester is a no-recycle complete mix reactor. Thus, its performance is independent of organic loading but is controlled by hydraulic retention time (HRT). Based on kinetic theoiy and values of the pseudo constants for methane bac teria, a minimum HRT of 3 to 4 days is required. To provide a safety factor and compensate for load variation as indicated earlier, HRT is kept in the range 10 to 30 days. Thickening of feed sludge is used to reduce the tank volume required... 

QUENCH TANK VOLUME The total volume of the quench tank should be equal to the sum of the following volumes ... 

Number Tank Volume (m ) Surface area (m ) No. of anodes Protection current (A) Voltage (V) Soil resistivity (Q m) [after Eq. (3-44)]... 

The two types of vessel geometries employed are vertieal and horizontal. In most of the fine ehemieals proeesses the leaves are fitted into vertieal vessels whereas horizontal vessels are used in the heavier process industries sueh as the preparation of sulfur in phosphoric acid plants. The leaves inside horizontal tanks may be positioned either along the tank axis or perpendieular to the axis. In order to utilize the tank volume for maximum filtration area the width of the leaves is graduated so they fit to the eireular eontour of the tank. 

The German Federal Institute for Material Testing (BAM) carried out full-scale fire tests on commercial liquefied-propane storage tanks. Tank volume was 4.85 m in each test (Schoen et al. 1989 Droste and Schoen 1988 Schulz-Forberg et al. 1984). Unprotected and protected tanks filled with propane (50% filled) were exposed to a fire. In some tests, the propane was preheated. 

The horsepower per unit volume is fairly constant w ith increasing tank volume, actually falling off slightly at large volumes. Therefore, a usually safe scale-up is to maintain a constant HP/volume. 

Dilution rate is defined as the number of tank volume pass through per unit time, D = F/V. The residence time is defined as the tune required for one unit volume of reactor to be replaced by the flow rate, t = VIv. When feed is sterile, there is no cell entering the bioreactor, which means x0 = 0, the rate may be simplified and reduced to ... 

A Monod rate model is used to demonstrate the rate of biomass generation. We neglect the cell death rate. Let us denote the ratio of biomass rate of generation to biomass concentration, rJX, that is the specific growth rate /a also denotes the dilution rate D is defined as number of tank volumes passed through per unit time, FIV. After substitution of D and /a into (6.8.1), the following equation is obtained ... 

Change the program to compare the conversion from various combinations of tank volumes such that the total volume is constant. For a total volume of lOL this could be a tank of 2.5 L followed by 2.5 L and 5 L, or this sequence could be reversed. 

Feed concentration Initial tank concentration Concentration in tank N Flow rate Reaction constant Reaction order Number of tanks Volume of tanks... 

TFIN=50, N0CI=1,AL6O=0 iReactlon order Reaction order Reaction order Reactlon order Flow rate Into tank (L/mln) Initial tank volume (L)... 

C3=VC3/V Tank volume V=VRH03/RH03 IP(V.LE.VMIN) V=VMIN IF(V.GE.20) STOP... 

Carry out simulations for differing tank volumes, flow rates and feed concentrations, in which the inlet and outlet flow rates are set equal, (F + P2 = F3) and observe the approach to steady state. Relate the time taken to approach steady state to the mean tank residence time (t = V/F3). 

Here C30 is the starting tank concentration at time t = 0, and Vq is the starting tank volume at t = 0. 

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