Pattern recognition systems

Barbieri P, Adami G, Predonzani S, et al. 1999. Survey of environmental comlex systems pattern recognition of physicochemical data describing coastal water quality in the Gulf of Trieste. J Environ Monitor 3(2) 210-216. 

For over a decade, a number of research teams have pursued the automation of this last, interpretative stage of the analytical spectroscopic process. There are two general ways of approaching this problem by using library searching systems or artificial intelligence systems (pattern recognition and expert systems) which are commented on below. 

P Smyth. Hidden Markov models for fault detection in dynamic systems. Pattern Recognition, 27 149-164, 1994. 

Koha, L.H., Ranganath, S. and Venkatesh, Y.V. (2002) An integrated automatic face detection and recognition system. Pattern Recognition, 35 1259-1273. 

Chan,R.W.Y., Hay,D.R., Matthews,J.R., MacDonald,H.A., (1988), Automated Ultrasonic System for Submarine Pressure Hull Inspection , Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition in Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials, C.H.Chen (ed). Springer-Verlag, pp. 175-187... 

We present in this paper an invariant pattern recognition method, applied to radiographic images of welded joints for the extraction of feature vectors of the weld defects and their classification so that they will be recognized automatically by the inspection system. 

The general invariant pattern recognition problem is to construct a system which takes as input an element/of V and computes a value s(f), with the intention that s(f) = c(f) for all f V. 

An invariant pattern recognition method, based on the Hartley transform, and applied to radiographic images, containing different types of weld defects, is presented. Practical results show that this method is capable to describe weld flaws into a small feature vectors, allowing their recognition automatically by the inspection system we are realizing. 

If the inspection equipment can be run under stable and reproducable conditions due to the QAP the basis for using a camera system for flaw detection is given.The camera system consists of CCD-cameras and a pattern recognition software. Up to four CCD-cameras can be served by one PC. One shot of the part may be copied up to 16 times in the computer and this theoretically enables the crack determination with 16 different parameter sets. 

Increased trust in pattern recognition The active user involvement in the data mining process can lead to a deeper understanding of the data and increases the trust in the resulting patterns. In contrast, "black box" systems often lead to a higher uncertainty, because the user usually does not know, in detail, what happened during the data analysis process. This may lead to a more difficult data interpretation and/or model prediction. 

Fig. 9. Holographic pattern recognition system, (a) Recording an angularly multiplexed hologram (b) forming correlation outputs using arbitrary input...

The successful appHcation of pattern recognition methods depends on a number of assumptions (14). Obviously, there must be multiple samples from a system with multiple measurements consistendy made on each sample. For many techniques the system should be overdeterrnined the ratio of number of samples to number of measurements should be at least three. These techniques assume that the nearness of points in hyperspace faithfully redects the similarity of the properties of the samples. The data should be arranged in a data matrix with one row per sample, and the entries of each row should be the measurements made on the sample, as shown in Figure 1. The information needed to answer the questions must be implicitly contained in that data matrix, and the data representation must be conformable with the pattern recognition algorithms used. 

J. M. Mendel and K. S. u A.daptivel eaming and Pattern Recognition System Academic Press, New York, 1970. E. A. Patrick, Fundamentals of Pattern Recognition Prentice-Hall, Englewood CEffs, N.J., 1972. 

The graphics capabiUties of the CAD/CAM environment offer a number of opportunities for data manipulation, pattern recognition, and image creation. The direct appHcation of computer graphics to the automation of graphic solution techniques, such as a McCabe-Thiele binary distillation method, or to the preparation of data plots are obvious examples. Graphic simulation has been appHed to the optimisation of chemical process systems as a technique for energy analysis (84). 

Sometimes fuzzy logic controllers are combined with pattern recognition software such as artificial neural networks (Kosko, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992). 

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors expressed by cells from the innate immune system... 

A regularly formed crystal of reasonable size (typically >500 pm in each dimension) is required for X-ray diffraction. Samples of pure protein are screened against a matrix of buffers, additives, or precipitants for conditions under which they form crystals. This can require many thousands of trials and has benefited from increased automation over the past five years. Most large crystallographic laboratories now have robotics systems, and the most sophisticated also automate the visualization of the crystallization experiments, to monitor the appearance of crystalline material. Such developments [e.g., Ref. 1] are adding computer visualization and pattern recognition to the informatics requirements. 

E. Saaksjarvi, M. Khaligi and P. Minkkinen, Waste water pollution modeling in the southern area of Lake Saimaa, Finland, by the simca pattern recognition method. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Systems, 7(1989) 171-180. 

To combat attacks with fast-acting agents in the terminals, continuous visual surveillance of densely populated areas and observation of behavior patterns may be as useful as any detector. The TSA should study the feasibility of the widespread deployment of surveillance cameras in populated areas, coupled with behavioral-pattern-recognition software, as an alternative to chemical agent detectors. Such cameras could also provide a dual-use value in improving the overall security environment. In addition, many critical nodes in the air transportation system (control rooms, emergency-response centers, and so on) are supplied with air that is recirculated from publicly accessible areas this makes them vulnerable to being disabled by the release of... 

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