Systems erratic behavior

Will variables that are true factors, but are not identified as factors always produce random and erratic behavior in a system (see Table 1.1) Under what conditions might they not ... 

With any endpoint detection system several practical considerations are important for reliable results. For example, the indicator electrode should be placed in close proximity to the flow pattern from the burette, so that a degree of anticipation is provided to avoid overrunning the endpoint. Another important factor is that the indicator electrode be as inert and nonreactive as possible to avoid contamination and erratic response from attack by the titration solution. A third and frequently overlooked consideration is the makeup of the reference electrode and, in particular, its salt bridge. For example, a salt-bridge system that contains potassium chloride can cause extremely erratic behavior of any electrochemical system if the titrant solution contains perchlorate ion (because of the precipitation of potassium perchlorate at the salt-bridge titrant-solution interface). Likewise, a potassium chloride salt bridge in a potentiometric titra-... 

Finally, experimental evidence indicates that fluctuations in cortisol secretion are not produced by random processes. In fact, the large inter- and intraindividual variability observed in studies dealing with the effect of fluticasone propionate on cortisol levels [526] may be partly explained with the erratic behavior of the system of (11.12) to (11.15). 

Berthollet s and Fourcroy s divergent approaches to chemical composition and affinity were informed by their respective expertise in industrial and pharmaceutical chemistry. Berthollet and his associates appreciated the fickle nature of the chemical processes used in industrial production and tried to rationalize their erratic behavior by characterizing the physical conditions that affected outcomes. Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal (1756-1832), who had a serious interest in industrial chemistry, advocated Berthollet s system. If affinity provided the guiding light for the younger authors of the Chemical Revolution, then, their conceptions... 

From the early studies of gas-phase chemistry of transactinoids, the experimenters have faced the question of whether the ultimately low number of short-lived atoms would bring new fundamental problems in obtaining reliable data and their interpretation. Classical radiochemistry dealt mostly with aqueous solutions and widely used batch realization of the partition methods, like coprecipitation or extraction. The goal was to find known element(s) with chemical behavior like the new radionuclide, at least in some particular chemical systems the homology was then used for isolation, concentration and assignment of the chemical state of the activity. Researchers in the field occasionally noted some peculiar, even erratic behavior of the tracer elements. At first, these observations might hardly be rationalized later,... 

Table IV gives Pq as a function of temperature. It varies from 9 Pa.s at 1249 C to 879 Pa.s at 1149 C. The accuracy is estimated as + 15% above 1170 C at 1149 C, where the system shows erratic behavior, the accuracy is estimated as + 50%.

Regarding FDE-ET, both cases can be circumvented computationally by performing a singular value decomposition of the overlap matrix and then invert only those values which are larger than a threshold (i.e. Penrose inversion). For DNA presented in Sect. 4.2.1.3, the default inversion threshold of 10 was appropriate in most cases [67]. However, three systems stood out AG, GA and TT nucleobase pairs. All the systems above showed erratic behavior of the computed couplings for some specific donor-acceptor distances, speeifically 4.0 A for AG, 3.5 and 8.0 A for GA and 9.0 A for TT. We found that at those distances, the near singularity of the overlap matrix due to symmetry considerations (case 1 above) was the source of the erratic behavior. To circumvent these numerical issues, a threshold of 10 was adopted in these cases. 

To aid us in the evaluation and possible implementation of a method, we would appreciate details and sample calculations, which could be published or available as supplementary material. After a method is added to the system, we have no control over how it will be used. Therefore, we build checks into the subroutines versus applicable temperatures, pressures, acentric factors, etc., —if we ve been told what they are. We have also had the unfortunate experience of checking correlations within the published applicable range and discovering erratic behavior don t promise more than you can deliver ... 

Pb(CH3)4 is absorbed through the skin, the mucosa of the alimentary tract, and the alveoli. Being lipid soluble it is concentrated in the brain, body fat, and liver. Manifestations of poisoning are dominated by involvement of the central nervous system [22] see also [41, 53, 66, 95, 98, 99]. Symptoms of Pb(CH3)4 as well as of Pb(C2H5)4 intoxication include insomnia, excessive dreaming, toxic psychosis, headaches, hyperactivity, ataxia, emotional instability, erratic behavior, delusions, convulsions, and mania [66, 100]. However, there is also a case reported with a patient showing no such symptoms [50]. Hematological abnormalities are rarely observed [66]. 

Computer simulation of these equations is shown in Fig. 24-25. Real systems do have this type of oscillating behavior, but frequencies and amplitudes are erratic. 

Observations of the ratio of oxidized plutonium to reduced plutonium may provide some insight to the observations of erratic formation and lack of equilibration in laboratory solutions at ORNL versus fairly consistent and predictable behavior in oligo-trophic lakes and marine systems. In coastal water and the relatively shallow Lake Michigan, Pu(V) is about 90 percent of the soluble plutonium, but in the upper waters of the open ocean, where it does not interact with the seafloor due to the depths,... 

For future work, improvements can be made to the controller subroutine such that simulation results for systems that employ small battery arrays can be more easily interpreted. With the current controller subroutine, the smallest practical simulation step size is 0.5 hours. However, with a small battery array, it is possible that the battery SOC can change dramatically within that time. Since the controller currently bases most decisions on the SOC value, fuel cell and electrolyzer activation in such a simulation appear to be unsteady and erratic. Examples of this behavior are seen in Case 1 results where wide variations in battery SOC cause the electrolyzer and fuel cell to switch on/off repeatedly, rather than maintaining steady operation. 

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