Supplementary material

A data file of all hybrid and inorganic fluoroaluminates can be freely downloaded on the website (Telechargements) www.univ-lemans.fr/sciences/fluorures/ldf.htiiil. 

Ben Ali, G. Dujardin, R. Dhal, M. Leblanc, V. Maisonneuve, Ternary and tetrahedral symmetry in hybrid fluorides, fluoride carbonates and carbonates, J. Fluo.Chem., 125, 1709-1714 (2004). 

Cadiau, A. Bulou, A. Le Bail, A. Hemon-Ribaud, M. Leblanc, M. Body V. Maisonneuve, Inorg. Chem., (2010). 

Muller, E. Kemnitz, Coordination geometry of the discrete pentafluoroaluminate dianion [AlFs], Angew. Chem. Edit., 42, 2626-2629 (2003). 

Naray-Szabo, K. Sasvari, The stmcture of cryolite NasAlFe, Z. Kristallogr., 99, 27-31 (1938). 

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Volume 98 Zeolite Science 1994 Recent Progress and Discussions. Supplementary Materials to the 10th International Zeolite Conference, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, July 17-22,1994... 

The primary literature has grown so much in recent years that attempts have been made to reduce the volume. One such attempt is the Journal of Chemical Research, begun in 1977. The main section of this journal, called the Synopses , publishes synopses, which are essentially long abstracts, with references. The full texts of most of the papers are published only in microfiche and miniprint versions. For some years, the American Chemical Society journals, including J. Am. Chem. Soc. and J. Org. Chem., have provided supplementary material for some of their papers. This material is available from the Microforms and Back Issues Office at the ACS Washington office, either on microfiche or as a photocopy. These practices have not yet succeeded in substantially reducing the total volume of the world s primary chemical literature. 

FIGURE 9.11 Relative mass change as a result of water absorption and loss in a solid piece of recombinant resilin prepared from a 20% protein solution in phosphate-buffered sahne (PBS), cross-linked using peroxidase (see [29] supplementary material). The fuUy swollen sample is designated 100. (Data courtesy of Shekibi, Y., Naim, K., Bastow, T.J., and HiU, A.J., The states of water in a protein based hydrogel. Internal CSIRO... 

Volume 98 Zeolite Science 1994 Recent Progress and DiKussions. Supplementary Materials to the... 

A summary of the Hnear relahonships exishng between log Pod and logk can be found in the supplementary material (see Sechon 13.5). A part of these relationships carmot be used for the prediction of log Pod values due the low range of Hpophihcity covered by the solutes or the weak stahstics resulhng from the low number of solutes measured and their limited chemical diversity. 

Similarly to RPLC, there is a strong Unear correlation between the logarithm of the retention factor measured by MEKC (logfe) for neutral solutes or the neutral form of ionizable compounds and log P [Pg.348]

Similarly to MEKC, strong linear correlations between the logfe measured by MEEKC and the log Pod were reported by several authors as shown in the supplementary material (see Section 13.5). 

To be an effective teaching tool, this text is intended for experienced instructors who may have a wealth of their own examples and material, but writing an introductory text is of no interest to them. The concise coverage conveniently provides a vehicle with which they can take a basic, minimalist set of chapters and add supplementary material that they deem appropriate. Even without supplementary material, however, this text contains the most crucial material and there should not be a need for an additional expensive, formal text. 

Supplementary Materials to the 10th International Zeolite Conference,... 

Huuskonen and coworkers [11] published a study on 211 drugs, all of which were solids. The solubility data were taken from the literature. We will discuss this work further in 10.7. Klopman et al. [16] published a water-solubility study on 483 literature compounds, but unless one orders the accompanying Supplementary Material it is difficult to know the physical states of the substances they studied. 

There have also been several papers [61-63] on the importance of carefully establishing the reaction mechanism when attempting the copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers since many transition metal complexes can spawn active free radical species, especially in the presence of traces of moisture. The minimum controls that need to be carried out are to run the copolymerization in the presence of various radical traps (but this is not always sufficient) to attempt to exclude free radical pathways, and secondly to apply solvent extraction techniques to the polymer formed to determine if it is truly a copolymer or a blend of different polymers and copolymers. Indeed, even in the Drent paper [48], buried in the supplementary material, is described how the true transition metal-catalyzed random copolymer had to be freed of acrylate homopolymer (free radical-derived) by solvent extraction prior to analysis. 

An introduction to crystal structures and nomenclature is given in the Supplementary Material Section SI. 

X-ray diffraction allows the dimensions of the unit cell to be accurately measured. If the structure type of the material is known, the ideal cell contents are also known. Thus, the unit cell of a crystal of composition M2O3 that adopts the corundum structure contains 12 M atoms and 18 O atoms (Supplementary Material, SI). This readily allows the theoretical density of a solid to be calculated. The weights of all of the atoms in the cell are added, and this is divided by the cell volume. 

The Seebeck coefficient is frequently called the thermoelectric power or thermopower, and labeled Q or S. Neither of these alternatives is a good choice. The units of the Seebeck coefficient are not those of power. The symbol Q is most often used to signify heat transfer in materials. The designation S can easily be confused with the entropy of the mobile charge carriers, which is important because the Seebeck coefficient is equivalent to the entropy per mobile charge carrier (see Supplementary Material S3). 

In metallic and many semiconducting crystals, the valence electrons are delocalized throughout the solid, so that antisite defects are not accompanied by prohibitive energy costs and are rather common. For example, an important defect in the semiconducting material GaAs, which has the zinc blend structure (Supplementary Material SI), is the antisite defect formed when an As atom occupies a Ga site. 

A Schottky defect in a crystal consists of a cation and anion vacancy combination that ensures overall electroneutrality in the crystal (Section 1.9). The estimation of the configurational entropy change in creating a population of Schottky defects in a crystal can be obtained in the same way as that of a population of vacancies in a monatomic crystal. The method follows that given in Section 2.1 for the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in a monatomic crystal and is set out in detail in Supplementary Material S4. 

The estimation of the number of Frenkel defects in a crystal can proceed along lines parallel to those for Schottky defects by estimating the configurational entropy (Supplementary Material S4). This approach confirms that Frenkel defects are thermodynamically stable intrinsic defects that cannot be removed by thermal treatment. Because of this, the defect population can be treated as a chemical equilibrium. For a crystal of composition MX, the appropriate chemical equilibrium for Frenkel defects on the cation sublattice is... 

Following the method set out in Supplementary Material S4, derive a formula for the number of Schottky defects in a crystal of formula MX2. 

The disruption to the crystal introduced by a dislocation is characterized by the Burgers vector, b (see Supplementary Material SI for information on directions in crystals). During dislocation motion individual atoms move in a direction parallel to b, and the dislocation itself moves in a direction perpendicular to the dislocation line. As the energy of a dislocation is proportional to b2, dislocations with small Burgers vectors form more readily. 

The Burgers vector of unit dislocations in copper is equal to the line joining the closest atoms, written a/2[110]. (a) What is the length of this vector in nanometers This dislocation is often replaced by partial dislocations [211], (b) What is the length of this vector in nanometers (The copper structure is given in Supplementary Material SI and drawn in Fig. 3.10. a = 0.3610 nm.)... 

Sketch an edge dislocation formed by the insertion of extra material parallel to a cube edge in fluorite, CaF2, and use the FS/RH convention to determine the Burgers vector. (The fluorite structure is given in Supplementary Material SI and drawn in Fig. 4.7a.)... 

A plot of In cx versus x2 will have a gradient of [ —1/(4D t) (See also Supplementary Material S5.) A measurement of the gradient gives a value for the tracer diffusion coefficient at the temperature at which the diffusion couple was heated. 

The simplest and most basic model for the diffusion of atoms across the bulk of a solid is to assume that they move by a series of random jumps, due to the fact that all the atoms are being continually jostled by thermal energy. The path followed is called a random (or drunkard s) walk. It is, at first sight, surprising that any diffusion will take place under these circumstances because, intuitively, the distance that an atom will move via random jumps in one direction would be balanced by jumps in the opposite direction, so that the overall displacement would be expected to average out to zero. Nevertheless, this is not so, and a diffusion coefficient for this model can be defined (see Supplementary Material Section S5). 

Acceptor doping, as in lithium oxide doping of nickel oxide, produces p-type thermistors. The situation in nickel-oxide-doped Mn304 is similar but slightly more complex. This oxide has a distorted spinel structure (Supplementary Material SI), with Mn2+ occupying tetrahedral sites and Mn3+ occupying octahedral sites in the crystal, to give a formula Mn2+[Mn3+]204, where the square parentheses enclose the ions in octahedral sites. The dopant Ni2+ ions preferentially occupy... 

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