Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

These are increasingly important tools in evidence-based medicine and their underlying purpose is to guide health and treatment policies, and the future research agenda. [Pg.42]

A systematic review brings together and evaluates all the relevant research relating to a particular question. A group known as the Cochrane Collaboration has been formed for the purpose of appraising medical treatments and publish its finding in the Cochrane Library which is available, freely in some countries, on the internet. Most of the focus has so far been on evidence of efficacy from randomised trials but an adverse event methods group has recently been formed. [Pg.42]

A meta-analysis brings together data from different studies in a quantitative way so as to provide a single overall estimate of a specified effect. When doing this, it is best to use only evidence of one particular type (e.g. from randomised trials) and the outcome(s) must be expressed in the same terms for all the studies. Whilst meta-analysis has also been most often focused on efficacy, it can be used for adverse outcomes and the method is increasingly contributing to drug safety issues. Meta-analysis of data from observational studies is possible but more controversial than for randomised controlled trials. [Pg.42]

As well as providing a combined estimate, a meta-analysis should aid understanding of the strengths and limitations of the [Pg.42]

This chapter has considered the main types of data which are used in pharmacovigilance and their strengths and limitations. In the next chapter, I shall try to illustrate how such data fit into the overall process. [Pg.43]

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