System metabolism

What would you expect to be the systemic metabolic effects of consuming unripened akee fruit ... 

Mesolimbic System/Reward System Metabolic Syndrome Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Metabotropic Receptor Metalloprote(in)ases Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci iV-Methyl D-aspartate Receptors Methylating Agents... 

Disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) that increase nutrient concentration may cause the river biological components and metabolism to shift from natural heterotrophy toautotrophy, even in relatively pristine rivers. Enforced hydrological stability or increased nutrient loading, among many other disturbances, may cause pronounced changes in system metabolism. 

Effects of NMDA channel blockade and increased limbic system metabolism on subsequent sleep... 

Oxidation is intimately linked to the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to carcinogens (1-3). Oxidation of PAH in animals and man is enzyme-catalyzed and is a response to the introduction of foreign compounds into the cellular environment. The most intensively studied enzyme of PAH oxidation is cytochrome P-450, which is a mixed-function oxidase that receives its electrons from NADPH via a one or two component electron transport chain (10. Some forms of this enzyme play a major role in systemic metabolism of PAH (4 ). However, there are numerous examples of carcinogens that require metabolic activation, including PAH, that induce cancer in tissues with low mixed-function oxidase activity ( 5). In order to comprehensively evaluate the metabolic activation of PAH, one must consider all cellular pathways for their oxidative activation. 

Another class of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism disorders is caused by systemic metabolic defects that affect the brain 704... 

Several kinetic parameters can be measured on different experimental systems to account for the interaction of a compound with CYPs. For example when studying the metabolic stability of a compound, it could be measured in a recombinant CYP system, in human liver microsomes, in hepatocytes and so on. Each system increases in biological complexity. Although in the recombinant CYP system only the cytochrome under consideration is studied, in the case of the human liver microsomes, there is a pool of enzyme present that includes several CYPs, and finally in the hepatocyte cell system, metabolizing enzymes play an important role in the metabolic compound stability. In addition, transport systems are also present that could involve recirculation or other transport phenomena. The more complex the experimental system, the more difficult it is to extract information on the protein/ligand interaction, albeit it is closer to the in vivo real situation and therefore to the mechanism that is actually working in the body. 

F. Y. Chung and M. D. Donovan. Nasal pre-systemic metabolism of peptide drugs Substance P metabolism in the sheep nasal cavity. Int J Pharm 128 229-237 (1996). 

P-450 enzymes have been cloned and in vitro studies can be performed using these enzyme systems. Metabolic pathways can be studied by incubating the drug with the P-450 enzymes. Similarly, drug-drug interactions can be studied. 

Many reports on the effects of ozone and PAN on physiologic processes (net photosynthesis, stomatal response, and water relations) and on metallic activity (including in vivo and in vitro studies of individual enzymes, enzyme systems, metabolic pathways, metabolic pool relationships, cell organelles, and plant tissue studies) have appeared since 1964. 

Increasing metabolism is probably the most effective way to decrease the time period that drugs can be detected in your system. Metabolism can be influenced by physical activity, diet, and drugs. 

Pharmacokinetics Rapidly and almost completely absorbed following PO administration. After topical application, limited absorption systemically. Metabolized in liver. Excreted in urine. Half-life 36-54 hr. 

Wu and colleagues (188) have also reported on the results of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan study of 15 depressed subjects and 15 normal control subjects after a night of normal sleep and a night with sleep deprivation. The authors found evidence for overactive limbic system metabolism in a subset of depressed patients after sleep deprivation, who subsequently experienced reduced activity in this area, as well as a lessening of their depression. 

Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Maciver M, et al. The gut wall metabolism of ethinyloestradiol and its contribution to the pre-systemic metabolism of ethinyloestradiol in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982 13(3) 325-330. 

The reduction of aqueous humor formation by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decreases the intraocular pressure. This effect is valuable in the management of glaucoma, making it the most common indication for use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide, brinzolamide) are available and reduce intraocular pressure without producing detectable plasma levels. Thus, diuretic and systemic metabolic effects are eliminated for the topical agents. 

Terrestrial Detritus. Variability in ecosystem response to fertilization may be attributed in part to the interaction of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast to the many aquatic ecosystems in which higher trophic levels are fueled almost entirely by organic matter originating in the water column, other systems are driven by inputs of particulate and dissolved organic matter from land. The importance of this land-water interaction in regulating system metabolism has been obvious to stream ecologists for some... 

Nixon, S.W. and Pilson, M.E.Q., 1984. Estuarine total system metabolism and organic exchange calculated from nutrient ratios An example from Narragansett Bay. In V.S. Kennedy (ed.), The Estuary as a Filter. Academic Press. NY, pp. 261-290. 

Fallon, R.D., Newell, S.Y. and Hopkinson, C.S., 1983. Bacterial production in marine sediments will cell-specific measures agree with whole-system metabolism. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 11 119-127. 

The medicinal and ceremonial uses of cocaine via coca leaves can be traced back over 4,000 years to pre-Columbian times. It continues to be used legally and is part of the daily culture of South American Indians. Coca leaves are chewed to combat fatigue and to ward off hunger. They are also used to alleviate problems of the larynx, digestive system, metabolism of carbohydrates, vertigo, altitude sickness, and for psychological ills. 

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