A-methyl-d-aspartate receptors

NMDAR. A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor—an ionotropic receptor for glutamate. It plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity mechanisms and thus is necessary for several types of learning and memory. 

Hata, N., Nishikawa, T., Umino, A., and Takahashi, K., Evidence for involvement of A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in tonic inhibitory control of dopaminergic transmission in the rat medial frontal cortex, Neurosci. Lett., 120, 101, 1990. 

Schilstrom, B., Nomikos, G.G., Nisell, M., Hertel, P., Svensson, T.H. A-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism in the ventral tegmental area diminishes the systemic nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience. 82 781, 1998. 

Trujillo K., Akil H. Excitatory amino acids and drugs of abuse a role for A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in drug tolerance, sensitization and physical dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 38 139, 1995. 

Pepicelli O., Fedele E., Bonanno G., Raiteri M., Ajmone-Cat M. A., Greco A., Levi G., and Minghetti L. (2002). In vivo activation of A -methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus increases prostaglandin E2 extracellular levels and triggers lipid peroxidation through cyclooxygenase-mediated mechanisms. J. Neurochem. 81 1028-1034. 

Bi H. and Sze C. I. (2002). A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A and NR2B messenger RNA levels are altered in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer s disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 200 11-18. 

New D. R., Maggirwar S. B., Epstein L. G., Dewhurst S., and Gelbard H. A. (1998). HIV-1 Tat induces neuronal death via tumor necrosis factor-a and activation of non-A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by a NFfcB-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 273 17852-17858. 

Paul C. and Bolton C. (2002). Modulation of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neurological deficits during acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by the A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302 50-57. 

Rammes G., Rupprecht R., Ferrari U., Zieglgansberger W., and Parsons C. G. (2001). The A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine, MRZ 2/579 and other amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes antagonise 5-HT3 receptor currents in cultured HEK-293 and N1E-115 cell systems in a non-competitive manner. Neurosci. Lett. 306 81-84. 

Huang J, Pickel VM. Ultrastructural localization of serotonin2A and A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in somata and dendrites of single neurons within rat dorsal motor nulceus of the vagus. J Comp Neurol 2003 455 270-280. 

Arden, S.R., Sinor, J.D., Potthoff, W.K., Aizerman, E. (1998). Subunit-specific interactions of cyanide with the A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 273 21505-11. 

Gunasekar, P.G., Sun, P., Kanthasamy, A.G., Borowitz, J.L., Isom, G.E. (1996). Cyanide-induced neurotoxicity involves nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation after A -methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 111. 150-5. 

Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate) has been postulated to act by restoring the alcohol-induced neurotransmission imbalance of inhibition-excitation inputs believed to underlie alcohol dependence (1,2). The molecular structure of acamprosate explains its specificity toward the basic molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. A competitive interaction has been described between spermidine and acamprosate, suggesting a specific binding site for acamprosate on A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (3). 

These cationic channels (also referred to as ionotropic receptors in contrast to metabotropic receptors which are GPCR activated by glutamate), include A -methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acidreceptors (AMPAR) and kainate receptors. They are widely expressed in the central nervous system where they play key roles in excitatory... 

Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Bessho Y, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N (1994) Differential expression of five A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit mRNAs in the cerebellum of developing and adult rats. J Comp Neurol 747 150 160. 

Augood SJ, McGowan EM, Emson PC (1994) Expression of A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NRl messenger RNA by identified striatal somatostatin cells. Neuroscience 59 7-12. 

Watanabe M, Nakagawa S, Takayama C, Nagashima M, Inoue K, Ichikawa R, Mishina M, Inoue Y (1995) Cerebellum of the adult reeler mutant mouse contains two Purkinje cell populations with respect to gene expression for the A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel. Neurosci Res 22 335-345. 

Watanabe M, Mishina M, Inoue Y (1994d) Distinct gene expression of the A/-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel subunit in peripheral neurons of the mouse sensory ganglia and adrenal gland. Neurosci Lett 765 183-186. 

Tezuka T, Umemori H, Akiyama T, Nakanishi S, Yamamoto T (1999) PSD-95 promotes fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of the A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 435-440. 

Zhang S, Ehlers MD, Bernhardt JP, Su CT, Huganir RL (1998) Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neuron 27 443-453. 

Sirvio, J., Ekonsalo, T., Riekkinen, P., Lahtinen, H., Riekkinen, P., 1992. D-cycloserine, a modulator of the A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, im-... 

Williams, K., Chao, J., Kashiwagi, K., Masuko, T Igarashi, K., 1996. Activation of A-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by glycine role of an aspartate residue in the M3-M4 loop of the NR I subunit. Mol. Pharmacol. 50, 701-708. 

J. E. (1993) Regulation of nerve growth factor mRNA in the hippocampal formation effects of A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. cp. Aeuro/. 121 160-171. 

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