Survivor

Most of the data on radiation health effects have come from medical monitoring of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. For survivors who received radiation exposures up to 0.10 Sv, the iacidence of cancer is no greater than ia the geaeral populatioa of Japanese citizens. For the approximately 1000 survivors who received the highest radiation doses, ie, >2 Sv, there have been 162 cases of cancer. About 70 cases would have been expected ia that populatioa from aatural causes. Of the approximately 76,000 survivors, as of 1995 there have beea a total of about 6,000 cases of cancer, only about 340 more cases than would be expected ia a group of 76,000 Japanese citizens who received only background radiation exposure (59). 

There is a close correlation between myocardial infarctions and tachyarrhythmias, illustrated by the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias among heart attack victims which are estimated to affect one-third of the survivors each year. Frequendy, the immediate cause of sudden death is ventricular fibrillation, an extreme arrhythmia that is difficult to detect or treat. In the majority of cases, victims have no prior indication of coronary heart disease. 

Bleomycin sulfate is used alone or in combination with other antineoplastic dmgs. Using this DNA-cleaving dmg, disease-free (possibly cured) survivors of some cancers have been seen, especially with the use of bleomycin in multidmg regimens. General reviews of bleomycin (234,242—245) and its mechanism of action (246—249) are available. 

Of considerable interest is the xylofuranosyl analogue (26) [64526-29-0] C22H24N4O4, of tubercidin [69-33-0] (53). When (26) was administered intraperitoneaHy at 50 mg/kg per day, a significant reduction of the mortaUty rate of mice infected with HSV-2 was achieved (54). Compound (26) appHed topically in 1% DMSO to intracutaneous HSV-2 in hairless mice gave 100% survivors without observable toxicity. This nucleoside would appear to have considerable potential for topical treatment of HSV-2 infections. 

In 1964, B. F. Skinner observed that Education is what survives when what has been learnt has been forgotten [219]. Another survivor is information appearing in such documents as company practices and published codes. Recommendations of uncertain origin are in some cases copied from previous editions or from other documents without thorough re-evaluation. 

The United States refining industry is undergoing a restructuring phase. Refiners will continue to be under pressure and only the most efficient and profitable operations are going to survive. The survivors will be those who have some niche in the market place, have the versatility to handle low-cost crude, meet product demand, and conform to environmental regulations. 

The lounge, which also serves breakfast (the bar s bottle shelves rotate to conceal the liquor), is the latest update to Wolf s, which is owned by Ralph Scotto, who trademarked the name in 1998 and moved the deli to its present location. The original Wolf s, at the corner, was started in 1951 by Dave Wolf, a concentration camp survivor, as one of a small chain of delis in Manhattan. 

With its jockey theme, gentleman receptionist and drinking-cartoon Bar Room, the 21 Club, a former speakeasy on East 52nd Street, is a touchstone for the particularly metropolitan idea of a restaurant with a tacit membership—the only survivor of a saloon-society heyday that included the Stork Club and El Morocco. 

Congenital myotonic dystrophy is a relatively rare condition in which myotonia (defined electrically) is mostly absent in the affected newborn infant, but becomes apparent in the older infant. Histopathology shows a consistent feature of arrested development and maturation of muscle fibers, but there is, currently, no adequate explanation for this phenomenon. Patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy rarely survive without aggressive ventilatory support, and survivors, without exception, are severely multiply handicapped. 

Symptoms next include dementia, tremor, and ataxia progressing most often to coma and death survivors show severe chronic meningoencephalitis. The American form of trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is a common health problem in Central and Southern America and is transmitted by reduviid bugs. Polymyositis, myocarditis and encephalomyelitis are constant features of the disorder but may be accompanied by more widespread visceral involvement. Infection can be confirmed by complement fixation tests but antibodies do not occur in the blood until about two months after infection. 

Saunders, S.R and Hoppa, R.D. 1993 Growth deficit in survivors and non-survivors biological mortality bias in subadult skeletal samples. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 36 127-152. 

The LC50 values of methyl parathion have been established in rats. A 1-hour LC50 of 200 mg/m and a 4-hour LC50 of 120 mg/m for males were determined by Kimmerle and Lorke (1968). One-hour LC50 values of 257 mg/m for male rats and 287 mg/m for female rats were determined for 70-80% pure methyl parathion by EPA (1978e) the rats were exposed to aerosols of respirable size. Survivors of toxic doses recovered clinically by 10-14 days postexposure. Sex-related differences in acute mortality of rodents have also been observed after exposure to methyl parathion by other routes (Murphy and Dubois 1958). 

Retrospective Study—A type of cohort study based on a group of persons known to have been exposed at some time in the past. Data are collected from routinely recorded events, up to the time the study is undertaken. Retrospective studies are limited to causal factors that can be ascertained from existing records and/or examining survivors of the cohort. 

Bozette et al. (2001) examined expenditures for the care of adult HIV-infected patients since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. They interviewed a representative random sample of 2,864 patients in early 1996 and followed them for up to 36 months. They estimated the average expenditure per patient per month on the basis of self-reported information. According to their calculations, the mean expenditure was US 1,792 per patient per month at base hne in early 1996, but it decbned to US 1,359 for survivors in 1997, since the increases in pharmaceutical expenditures were smaller than the reductions in hospital costs. After adjustments for the interview date, clinical status, and deaths, the estimated annual expenditure declined from US 20,300 per patient (1996) to US 18,300 (1998). 

CODH and ACS are important from an evolutionary point of view. It has been considered that CODH/ACS are the extant survivors of a 3- to 4-billion-year-old process that could have given rise to the first metabolic reactions that eventually led to life on this planet. Possibly, it was involved in the first metabolic pathway (2, 107). 

The results of metabolism studies with laboratory animals and livestock indicate that endosulfan does not bioconcentrate in fatty tissues and milk. Lactating sheep administered radiolabeled endosulfan produced milk containing less than 2% of the label. Endosulfan sulfate was the major metabolite in milk (Gorbach et al. 1968). A half-life of about 4 days was reported for endosulfan metabolites in milk from survivors of a dairy herd accidentally exposed to acutely toxic concentrations of endosulfan endosulfan sulfate accounted for the bulk of the residues detected in the milk (Braun and Lobb 1976). No endosulfan residues were detected in the fatty tissue of beef cattle grazed on endosulfan-treated pastures for 31-36 days (detection limits of 10 ppm for endosulfan, 40 ppm for endosulfan diol) the animals began grazing 7 days after treatment of the pastures. Some residues were detected in the fatty tissue of one animal administered 1.1 mg/kg/day of endosulfan in the diet for 60 days. No endosulfan residues were... 

Parenteral lethality was determined by injecting rabbits of mixed sexes intraperitoneally with 31.6, 63, 126, 252, and 500 /xg/kg of 2,3,7,8-TCDD as a 0.01% corn oil suspension control rabbits were injected with corn oil. The rabbits were housed in individual holding cages and were observed for signs of toxicity for four weeks. The LDso s were calculated by the Weil modification of the Thompson method 14, 15) or by the Litchfield and Wilcoxon method (9). The acute lethality studies were terminated when it was evident that the survivors were not showing signs of toxicity. 

Type of treatment Long-term survivors (>30 days)... 

Provides counselling, advice and support to survivors of rape or sexual assault. 

Inspection of the death curves obtained from viable count data had early ehcited the idea that because there was usually an approximate, and under some circumstances a quite excellent, linear relationship between the logarithm of the number of survivors and time, then the disinfection process was comparable to a unimolecular reaction. This imphed that the rate of killing was a function of the amount of one of the participants in the reaction only, i.e. in the case of the disinfection process the number of viable cells. From this observation there followed the notion that the principles of first-order... 

There is no doubt that the maximum information concerning the fate of a baeterial populahon is obtained by performing viable counts at selected hme intervals. Alternatively, the number of survivors expressed as the percentage remaining viable at the end of a given period of time may be determined by viable counts and this parameter is often used in assessing bactericidal activity. 

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