Surfactants polymer-based

Klein J, Kunz M, Kowalczyk J (1990) Poly(vinylsaccharide)s.7. New surfactant polymers based on carbohydrates. Makromol Chem Phys 191(3) 517-528... 

Polymer-based delivery systems (Fig. 11.1) include polymer-protein conjugates, polymer-drug conjugates, micelles consisting of polymeric surfactants, and complexes of cationic polymers and DNA (polyplexes).26... 

In this area, recent unrelated efforts of the groups of Bhattacharya and Fife toward the development of new aggregate and polymer-based DAAP catalysts deserve mention. Bhattacharya and Snehalatha [22] report the micellar catalysis in mixtures of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) with synthetic anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic 4,4 -(dialkylamino)pyridine functional surfactant systems, lb-c and 2a-b. Mixed micelles of these functional surfactants in CTAB effectively catalyze cleavage of various alkanoate and phosphotriester substrates. Interestingly these catalysts also conform to the Michaelis-Menten model often used to characterize the efficiency of natural enzymes. These systems also demonstrate superior catalytic activity as compared to the ones previously developed by Katritzky and co-workers (3 and 4). 

Based on SIM 2 in Table 9.1, we reduce the amount of surfactant and increase the amount of polymer in SIM 8. When we use the surfactant price of 2.75/lb and polymer price of l/lb, the chemical cost in SIM 8 for a surfactant-polymer process goes down from 13.1 to 8.0 per barrel of incremental oil. In SIM 9, no surfactant is injected, so the SP process is changed to a polymer... 

Performance Chemicals, specialty chemicals (surfactants, synthetic oils, rubbers specialty monomers) and emulsion polymers based on latex Agricultural Products herbicides and seeds ... 

Surfactants are very important in the chemical industry, appearing in such diverse products as detergents, emulsion polymer-based adhesives, surface coatings, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, motor oils, drilling muds used in petroleum prospecting, ore flotation agents,... 

A second qualitative jump connected with the development of detergent compositions is based on the investigation of mixed surfactant-polymer solutions. It has been shown in [99] that aqueous solutions of water-soluble cellulose esters (a conventional component of detergent compositions) give mixed micelles in mixtures with ionics, and this is a convincing evidence of that the presence of cellulose esters and other polymers in detergent compositions not only prevents re-deposition (secondary deposition of soils on fabrics) but also enhances the detergency of surfactants. 

High-molecular mass surfactants such as butyl acrylate-butyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer sodium salts, starburst dendrimers, poly(amidoamines), and diaminobutane-based poly(propyleneimine) as well as cationic polyelectrolytes (ionenes) had all been presented as successful secondary phases for aromatic compounds. The determination of 10 nitrophenols in glycine buffers modified by 3-CD (0-10 mmolL" ) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (0.5-2.5% w/v) is an example of application of polymer-based electrolytes to rain, tap, and process water. ... 

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs, diameter range of 1-100 nm) can have size-dependent physical and electronic properties that are useful in a variety of applications. Arranging them into hollow shells introduces the additional functionalities of encapsulation, storage, and controlled release that the constituent NPs do not have.This chapter examines recent developments in the synthesis routes and properties of hollow spheres formed out of NPs. Synthesis approaches reviewed here are recent developments in the electrostatics-based tandem assembly and interfacial stabilization routes to the formation of NP-shelled structures. Distinct from the well-established layer-by-layer (LBL) synthesis approach, the former route leads to NP/polymer composite hollow spheres that are potentially useful in medical therapy, catalysis, and encapsulation applications. The latter route is based on interfacial activity and stabilization by NPs with amphiphilic properties, to generate materials like colloidosomes, Pickering emulsions, and foams. The varied types of NP shells can have unique materials properties that are not found in the NP building blocks, or in polymer-based, surfactant-based, or LBL-assembled capsules. 

As matrix polymer, an epoxy polymer based on 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-methyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (epoxy monomer), cured by hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride at a molar ratio of 0.87-1.0 was used. To this mixture a nanofiller, MMT (Cloisite 30B) was added. Before this the nanofiller was mixed with denatured ethanol for removal of any excess of surfactants from the silicate platelets surface. This mixture was then centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 10 min prior to the decanting of the ethanol. After Cloisite SOB addition the mixture was stirred in a mixer at... 

Acrylic and styrene-acrylic polymers themselves are goierally considered to be non-toxic. The latexes, however, can be mild skin or eye irritants, which effect is usually ascribed to the stabilizing surfactants, neutralizing bases or other additives. Unless the latexes are taken to high cemversion, residual monomers may also display toxicity. 

PECs are the association complexes mainly formed between oppositely charged particles (e.g., polymer-polymer, polymer-drug, polymer-surfactant, polymer-protein). These complexes are formed due to electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged polyions. This interaction avoids the use of chemical cross-linking agents that can reduce the possible toxicity and other undesirable effects of the reagents. The PECs formed between a poly acid and poly base are less affected by the pH variation of the dissolution medium. The complexation, between DNA and chitosan, has been extensively studied in the development of delivery vehicle for gene therapy and oral vaccination. 

Chem. Descrip. Polymer-based surfactant Uses Surfactant, debubbling/degassing agent for acrylic, polyester, and epoxy powd. coatings Features Nonyellowing... 

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