Protein-polymer conjugate

Gauthier MA, Klok HA (2008) Peptide/protein-polymer conjugates synthetic strategies and design concepts. Chem Commun 23 2591-2611... 

Transcellular Transport of Protein—Polymer Conjugates in Cultured Epithelial Cells... 

SHEN ET AL. Transcellular Transport of Protein-Polymer Conjugates 119... 

SHEN ET AL. Transcelhdar Transport of Protein—Polymer Conjugates 121... 

The improvement of its activity and stability has been approach by the use of GE tools (see Refs. [398] and [399], respectively). A process drawback is the fact that the oxidation of hydrophobic compounds in an organic solvent becomes limited by substrate partition between the active site of the enzyme and the bulk solvent [398], To provide the biocatalyst soluble with a hydrophobic active site access, keeping its solubility in organic solvents, a double chemical modification on horse heart cytochrome c has been performed [400,401], First, to increase the active-site hydrophobicity, a methyl esterification on the heme propionates was performed. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used for a surface modification of the protein, yielding a protein-polymer conjugates that are soluble in organic solvents. 

Heredia KL, Maynard HD. Synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007 5 45-53. 

Tailor-Made Protein-Polymer Conjugates via Protein Engineering... 

Boyer, C. Bulmus, V. Liu, J. Davis, T.P. Stenzel, M.H. Barner-Kowollik, C. Well-defined protein-polymer conjugates via in situ RAFT polymerization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007,129 (22), 7145-7154. 

Liu, J. Bulmus, V Herlambang, D.L. Bamer-Kowollik, C. Stenzel, M.H. Davis, T.P. In situ formation of protein-polymer conjugates through reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007,46 (17), 3099-3103. 

Scheme 3 Routes to protein-polymer conjugates. Protein structure of human serum albumin from PDB number 1BMO.

ATRP initiators or RAFT CTAs containing protein-reactive moieties can be used to yield a-functionalized polymers, while postpolymerization modifications can be performed to yield ffi-ftmctionalized polymers. Figure 3 contains examples of functionalized ATRP initiators and RAFT CTAs. The resulting polymers can then be used to produce protein-polymer conjugates consisting of a single polymer chain and a single protein. These techniques can also be combined to synthesize polymer-linked protein dimers. 

---