Surfactant amphoterics

Coco Betaine Water-White Liquid Concentration, % 45 

Hild to the skin. Compatible with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants. Excellent viscosity builder and gelling agent. Hard-water tolerance permits equally good foaming in hard and soft water. Stable in high-electrolyte solutions and will help solubilize other surfactants into these systems. Stable in acidic and alkaline conditions, functioning as cationic in acid media and as anionic in alkaline. Lime soap dispersant. 

Cocamidopropyl Betaine Pale Yellow Liquid Concentration, % 35 

Mild to the skin. Stable in strong acid and alkaline solutions. Good foaming in both soft- and hard-water systems. Viscosity builder. Lime-soap dispersant and wetting agent. 

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Anionic surfactants Nonionic surfactants Cationic surfactants Amphoteric surfactants... 

Specialty nonionic surfactant Aloe vera gel Ester alcohol Nonionic surfactant Fluorescent whitening agent Fluorescent whitening agent Cationic surfactant Amphoteric (35% active)... 

Na Gluconate 45% KOH 42 Si 1icate N Glycol Ether Nonionic Surfactant Amphoteric... 

Tomah Alkali Surfactant Amphoteric (35% Active) Tomah AO-14-2 Ether amine oxide surfactant... 

Garcia, M. T., I. Ribosa, and J. Sanchez Leal. 1992. Diffusion of anionic surfactant/amphoteric surfactant mixtures through collagerlinvest. Inf. Text. Tensioactivfl 21-27. 

See Surfactants (Amphoteric), Surfactants (Anionic), Surfactants (Cationic), Surfactants (Nonionic). 

Amphoteric Surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants in aqueous solution contain both positive and negative charges in the same molecule. Thus, a hydrophobic fatty chain is attached to a hydrophilic group that contains both positive and negative charges. Its behavior depends on the condition of the medium or its pH value. Examples of this type are the alkyl betaines. 

There are essentially two approaches to formulate an LDLD for mildness (1) use mild surfactants such as nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or a combination of such surfactants (2) use additives that are anti-irritants such as modified protein or polymers. Examples of recent LDLD patents with mildness benefit are listed in Table 7.12. 

Sylfat EPG Sylfat FA-1 Sylfat FA-1 Special Sylfat FA-2 Sylfat FA-3 surfactant, all ds Tallicin 5370 Troysol S366 surfactant, amine-neutralized water-reducible coatings Tallicin 5306 surfactant, amphoteric Methyl aaylale... 

PPG-24-buteth-27 surfactant, agric. pesticides CIO-12 pareth-6 CIO-12 pareth-8 surfactant, alcohol-functional polymers Octadecene/MA copolymer surfactant, alkaline cleaners Disodlum capryloamphodiacetate Octyl propionate Sodium capryloamphoacetate Sodium carboxyethyl tallowpolypropylamine surfactant, alkaline cleaning Octyl betaine surfactant, amphoteric Methyl acrylate surfactant, animal feed Lecithin... 

Amphoteric surfactants are finding increased use in shampoo formulations because of several benefits that are consumer perceivable. Amphoteric surfactants in general are known to be poor foamers when used alone,and milder than traditional primary surfactants. Their use therefore is in many baby shampoos that often consist entirely of them, and also they are often incorporated in formulations to mitigate the effects of harsher primary surfactants. " Amphoteric surfactants also maintain their compatibility with all anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants over a wide pH range. Combination of these surfactants with other anionic surfactants provides decreased irritancy of a formulation while increasing the active content level of the product and therefore the quality of the lather produced. 

Surfactancy. Amphoteric snrfactants have the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, as do all other snrfactants. The reduction of surface tension depends on the pH of the solution. At pH 6, close to the isoelectric point of most amphoteric surfactants, the net charge of the molecule is zero, which allows for closer packing of surfactant molecules at the interface and prodnces a great reduction in surface tension. 

Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Protein-Based Surfactants Amphoteric Surfactants... 

Keywords p parameter electrostatic interaction mixed micellisation chelating surfactant amphoteric surfactant... 

These are nonionic organic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, perfluormated surfactants, and gemini surfactants (21). A wide variety of examples have been given. Some are listed in Table 4.11 and shown in Figure 4.6. 

Aikaii Surfactant Amphoteric L Cola Teric 2COSF... 

Amphoteric surfactants can function either as anionic or cationic surfactants, depending on the pH of the system. They contain both anionic and cationic functions in the same moiecuie. More costiy to produce than ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants represent oniy about 3% of surfactant voiume in Europe and less than 1% in the United States. They are less irritating than other materials and are largely used in personal care products. A distinction can be made between amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. This distinction does not affect their analysis. For the analyst, a more important distinction is between am-photerics with a secondary or tertiary amine group and those containing a quaternary amine function. The former only have cationic properties when protonated at low pH, while the quaternary amines have cationic properties even under alkaline conditions. 

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