Amphoteric surfactants cocamidopropyl betaines

Extra mild surfactants (nonionic) polyethoxylated sorbitan ester Combination with amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants cocamidopropyl betaine Surfactants/glycol soap agents Cationic surfactants Cationic polymers Silicones and derivatives... 

Anionic surfactants are the most commonly used class of surfactant. Anionic surfactants include sulfates such as sodium alkylsulfate and the homologous ethoxylated versions and sulfonates, eg, sodium alkylglycerol ether sulfonate and sodium cocoyl isethionate. Nonionic surfactants are commonly used at low levels ( 1 2%) to reduce soap scum formation of the product, especially in hard water. These nonionic surfactants are usually ethoxylated fatty materials, such as H0CH2CH20(CH2CH20) R. These are commonly based on triglycerides or fatty alcohols. Amphoteric surfactants, such as cocamidopropyl betaine and cocoamphoacetate, are more recent surfactants in the bar soap area and are typically used at low levels (<2%) as secondary surfactants. These materials can have a dramatic impact on both the lathering and mildness of products (26). 

Amphoteric surfactants are those that are an acid and a base at the same time (like water is). Cocamidopropyl betaine, for example, is used in shampoos to stabilize foam and thicken the mixture. 

Cocamidopropyl betaine (Table 1.4) is the most prominent representative of the class of amphoteric surfactants. Due to the synergism with other surfactants and its gentleness to the skin and mucous membranes, cocamidopropyl betaine performs well in shampoo and cosmetics where its dosage lies in the order of 1-5% [27]. 

Only limited data have been published on the degradability of betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB, Fig. 5.1.22), and the limited information available is somewhat contradictory. Swisher reported that total degradability was rather poor (45-58%) [10], whilst Brunner et al. [138] obtained mixed results with a series of the amphoteric surfactants in an extended OECD 302B test and a laboratory trickling test filter. While the two compounds cocoampho diacetate and cocoampho dipropionate were mineralised only to a minor extent, CAPB and cocoampho acetate proved to be nearly totally degradable. 

Cocamidopropyl betaine is the most commonly used amphoteric surfactant in shampoos, bath products, and other cosmetic products. It is popular because of its relatively low irritation potential. 

Surfactants anionics sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) amphoteric cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) nonionic alkyl polyglucoside (APG). 

Zwitterionic surfactants, also known as amphoteric surfactants, have both cationic and anionic centers present in the same molecule. Generally, their properties are highly dependent on the pH of the solution. The cationic part is based on primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium cations. The anionic part can be more variable and include sulfonates, as in CHAPS (3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesulfonate). Other anionic groups are sultaines illustrated by cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include betaines (such as cocamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine and cocoamido-2-hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine) and phosphates (such as lecithin). 

The betaines, especially the coconut-oil-derived cocamidopropyl betaines, are the most important zwitterionic surfactants. The name betaine refers to trimethylglycine, which was first isolated from sugar beet beta vulgaris). Cocoamphomonoacetate and cocoamphodiacetate are the most important types for the amphoteric surfactants. The structures and names for both product types are summarized in Table 15.1. 

Under the aspects of acute and chronic aquatic toxicides, amphoteric surfactants display a behaviour which is quite similar to the other groups of surfactants, with disodium cocoamphodiacetate being less toxic against fish and daphnids than cocamidopropyl betaine, according to the data presented in Table 22.22. All NOEC values are below 1 mg/1, with daphnia and algae having a lower sensitivity than fish. 

Cocamidopropyl betain. Amphoteric surfactant, increasingly popular as ingredient of shampoos and... 

Chem. Descrip. Cocamidopropyl betaine Ionic Nature Amphoteric CAS 6178940-0 EINECS/ELINCS 2634)58-8 Uses Surfactant for cosmetics Features High purity fonnaldehyde-free Pmperties Liq 30% cone. 

Chem. Descrip. Cocamidopropyl betaine Ionic Nature Amphoteric CAS 6178940-0 EINECS/ELINCS 263-058-8 Uses Mild substantive surfactant in rinse-off cosmetics products Regulatory DOT not regulated OSHA nonhazardous FDA approved Properties Yel. cl. liq. bland odor misc. in water sp.gr. 1.04 dens. 8.67 Ib/gal vapor dens, lighter than air evaporation rate about the same as water b.p. 212 F pH 6.0-7.5 (10% aq.) 29-32% act., 34-37% total solids Toxicology Mildly irritating to the eyes, skin mist, vapor may irritate nasal passages TSCA listed... 

Chem. Descrip. Cocamidopropyl betaine ionic Nature Amphoteric CAS 61789-40-0 EINECS/ELINCS 263-058-8 Uses Surfactant for dishwashing agents Properties Liq, 29-32% act,... 

Chem. Descrip. Cocamidopropyl betaine Ionic Nature Amphoteric CAS 61789-40-0 EINECS/ELINCS 263-058-8 Uses Surfactant for cosmetics, air and foam drilling Properties Amber cl. liq. sp.gr. 1.03 dens. 8.6 Ib/gal pH 7.8 (10%) Draves wetting 10 s (1%) 31% act., 34% total solids Monateric CAB-XLC [Croda Inc Croda Chem. Europe Ltd]... 

Chem. Descrip. Cocamidopropyl betaine, zinc chloride Ionic Nature Amphoteric Uses Surfactant... 

---