Amphoteric surfactants alkyl chain length

With regard to bioconcentration, it is important that surfactants are characterized by combining a lipophilic and a hydrophilic moiety in the same molecule. This is true for all four classes, namely anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants. Although these classes possess quite different hydrophilic groups, the lipophilic part usually consists of an alkyl chain or alkyl chains of different lengths. There is some evidence that the lipophilic groups of surfactants are metabolized after uptake by aquatic invertebrate species (Daphnia and Chironomus) and fish. 

Anionic Surfactant Blend and Amphoteric Surfactants onto Berea Sandstone, Indiana Limestone, Baker Dolomite, and Quartz. The first study to be presented examined the adsorption behavior of two amphoteric surfactants, a betaine (Empigen BT) and a sulfobetaine (Varion CAS) and a 50 50 blend of a Cio diphenyl ether disulfonate (DOWFAX 3B2), and a Ci4 i6 ot-olefm sulfonate [11]. The anionic surfactant blend was designated as DOW XS84321.05. The Cio diphenyl ether disulfonate surfactant is one isomer in a suite of surfactants which differ in their degree of alkylation and sulfonation and in their chain lengths. This suite consists of monoalkyl disulfonates (MADS), dialkyl disulfonates (DADS), monoalkyl monosulfonates (MAMS), and... 

Following on reports (referred to above) of macromolecule absorption facilitated by surfactants, there have been successful attempts to achieve insulin absorption per rectum [127-129, 126]. Non-ionic ethers, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, as well as bile acids, increased absorption. The optimal effect has been obtained with 1 % polyoxyethylene (9) lauryl ether [128], the effect of both polyoxyethylene chain length and alkyl chain having been... 

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