Foaming property, amphoteric surfactants

Many of the surfactants made from ethyleneamines contain the imidazoline stmcture or are prepared through an imidazoline intermediate. Various 2-alkyl-imidazolines and their salts prepared mainly from EDA or monoethoxylated EDA are reported to have good foaming properties (292—295). Ethyleneamine-based imida zolines are also important intermediates for surfactants used in shampoos by virtue of their mildness and good foaming characteristics. 2- Alkyl imidazolines made from DETA or monoethoxylated EDA and fatty acids or their methyl esters are the principal commercial intermediates (296—298). They are converted into shampoo surfactants commonly by reaction with one or two moles of sodium chloroacetate to yield amphoteric surfactants (299—301). The ease with which the imidazoline intermediates are hydrolyzed leads to arnidoamine-type stmctures when these derivatives are prepared under aqueous alkaline conditions. However, reaction of the imidazoline under anhydrous conditions with acryflc acid [79-10-7] to make salt-free, amphoteric products, leaves the imidazoline stmcture essentially intact. Certain polyamine derivatives also function as water-in-oil or od-in-water emulsifiers. These include the products of a reaction between DETA, TETA, or TEPA and fatty acids (302) or oxidized hydrocarbon wax (303). The amidoamine made from lauric acid [143-07-7] and DETA mono- and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is a very effective water-in-od emulsifier (304). 

Even if this class covers the smallest market segment, amphoteric surfactants still remain useful because of their unique properties, which justifies their comparably high manufacturing costs. Since they have partial anionic and cationic character, they can be compatible, under specific conditions, with both anionic and cationic surfactants. They can function in acid or basic pH systems and, at their isoelectric point, they exhibit special behaviour. Many amphoteric surfactants demonstrate exceptional foaming and detergency properties combined with antistatic effects. 

The change in charge with pH of amphoteric surfactants affects their properties, such as wetting, detergency, and foaming. Atthe i.e.p., the properties of amphoterics resemble those of nonionics very closely, but below and above the i.e.p. the properties shift towards those of cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively. Zwitterionic surfactants have excellent dermatological properties, and also exhibit low eye irritation consequently, they are frequently used in shampoos and other personal care products (e.g., cosmetics). 

U.S. 5968496 (1999) U.S. 5922671 (1999) Linares et al. (Procter Gamble) Tracy et al. (Rhodia) (a) Imidazolinium amphoteric surfactant (b) polyol alkoxy ester (a)/(b) = 15 1-1 1 Bis-alkyphenol alkoxylated Gemini surfactants Excellent cleaning performance and mildness improved foam stability Improved surfactant properties mild and environmentally benign... 

Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant, cleansing agent, foam booster/stabilizer in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Incronam BA-30 t[Croda Inc http //www.croda.com] Babassuamidopropyl dimethylamine CAS 223707-87-8... 

Formula CH3(CH2)2oCH2N (CH3)2CH2COO Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant, antistat, foaming agent, conditioner, lubricant in cosmetics, personal care prods. 

Trade Name Synonyms Ampholak XCE [Akzo Nobel Surf. Chem. AB http //WWW. surface, akzonobei. com] Cocoiminodipropionate CAS 97659-50-2 Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant, detergent, foaming agent, stabilizer, dispersant, hydrotrope for industrial applies., cosmetics... 

Formula RC0-NCH3CH2C0N(CH2CH20H)2, where RCO- rep. fatty acids from coconut oil Properties Amphoteric Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant, foaming agent in cosmetics Cocoyl sarcosine... 

CH3(CH2)8CONHCH2CH2NCH2CH2COONaCH2CH 20CH2CH2C00Na Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant for toilet soaps, cleaners surfactant, foaming agent, hair conditioner in cosmetics wetting agent sequestrant emulsifier dispersant germicide Trade Name Synonyms Miranol S2M-SF Cone. [Rhodia HPCII http //www.rhodia-hpcii.com, Rhodia HPCII France http //www. hpcii. rhodia. com]... 

Empirical C20H39N2O6 2Na Properties Amphoteric Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Antistat, vise, control agent, surfactant, foaming agent, conditioner, foam booster/stabilizer in cosmetics, mild prods., shampoos, skin care Features High-foaming... 

R[NCH2CH2CH2CH2COONa] NCH2COONaCH2CO ONa, R rep. tallow alkyl groups, n = 1-4 Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant, detergent, anti-irritant, softener, conditioner for cosmetics, liq. soaps Features Mod. foaming... 

Formula RC0-NH(CH2)6N(0H)2CHS03Na, RCO-represents the coconut acid radical Properties Amphoteric Uses Surfactant, detergent, wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, sequestrant, foaming agent for cosmetics, household and industrial applies. foam stabilizer, solubilizer for alkaline laundry detergents, cleaners Features Mild... 

Zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants are typically used as secondary surfactants. The existence of secondary surfactants obviously implies that there are primary surfactants. The latter are mostly the anionic alkyl sulfates and alkylether sulfates, but also include different types of sulfonates. These very often are the main components of a formulation and provide the basic properties of detergency, wetting and foaming. In modem formulations, however, their base properties are not sufficient and need to be improved by secondary surfactants. Improvement is especially needed with respect to mildness, but foaming and viscosity are also enhanced by the use of secondary surfactants. This is where zwitterionic... 

---