Surfactant protein

H. Kovacs, A.E. Mark, J. Johansson, and W.F. van Gunsteren. The effect of environment on the stability of an integral membrane helix Molecular dynamics simulations of surfactant protein C in chloroform, methanol and water. J. Mol. Biol, 247 808-822, 1995. 

G. J. Jennings, A. Belkum, L. van Boom, and M. Wiser, "Analysis of VariabiUty of the Merozoite Surfact Protein of Plasmodian berghei," 44th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, San Antonio, Tex., Nov. 17—21,1995. 

The well-defined helical structure associated with appropriately substituted peptoid oligomers (Section 1.6) can be employed to fashion compounds that closely mimic the stracture and function of certain bioactive peptides. There are many examples of small helical peptides (<100 residues) whose mimicry by non-natural ohgomers could potentially yield valuable therapeutic and bioactive compounds. This section describes peptoids that have been rationaUy designed as mimics of antibacterial peptides, lung surfactant proteins, and coUagen proteins. Mimics of HIV-Tat protein, although relevant to this discussion, were described previously in this chapter (Sections 1.3.2 and 1.4.1). 

Peptoid-Based Mimics of Lung Surfactant Proteins... 

Recently, peptoid-based mimics of both SP-C and SP-B have been designed to adopt helical secondary structures, and also mimic (to varying degrees) the sequence patterning of hydrophobic and polar residues found in the natural surfactant proteins. Peptoid-based SP-C mimics of up to 22 monomers in length, were synthesized and characterized by in vitro experimental methods [67, 68] (Fig. 1.8). The secondary structure of all molecules was assessed by circular dichroism and found to be helical. The surface activities of these peptoids, in comparison to the actual SP peptides described above, were characterized by surfactometry using... 

Bruni, R., Taeusch, H.W., and Waring, A.J. Surfactant protein B Lipid interactions of synthetic peptides representing the amino-terminal amphipathic domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 7451-7455. 

Lipp, M.M., Lee, K.Y.C., Waring, A., and Zasadzinski, J.A. Fluorescence, polarized fluorescence, and Brewster angle microscopy of palmitic acid and lung surfactant protein B monolayers. Biophys. J. 1997, 72, 2783-2804. 

Seurynck, S.L., Johnson, M., and Barron, A. E. Simple helical peptoid analogues of lung surfactant protein B. 2003. (Manuscript in preparation). 

Collagen, the major component of most connective tissues, constimtes approximately 25% of the protein of mammals. It provides an extracellular framework for all metazoan animals and exists in virmally every animal tissue. At least 19 distinct types of collagen made up of 30 distinct polypeptide chains (each encoded by a separate gene) have been identified in human tissues. Although several of these are present only in small proportions, they may play important roles in determining the physical properties of specific tissues. In addition, a number of proteins (eg, the Clq component of the complement system, pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D) that are not classified as collagens have... 

Biinger, H., Kaufner, L., and Pison, U., Quantitative analysis of hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography with light-scattering detection, /. Chromatogr. A, 870, 363, 2000. 

Griese M ci al. Reduced proteolysis of surfactant protein A and changes of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome by inhaled alpha 1-protease inhibitor in cystic fibrosis. Electrophoresis 2001 22 165-171. 

Clark, H., et al., Surfactant protein D reduces alveolar macrophage apoptosis in vivo, J. Immunol. 169, 6, 2892, 2002. 

Schagat, T.L., Wofford, J.A., and Wright, J.R., Surfactant protein A enhances alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, J. Immunol. 166, 4, 2727, 2001. 

Guillot, L., et al., Cutting edge The immunostimulatory activity of the lung surfactant protein-A involves Toll-like receptor 4, J. Immunol. 168, 12, 5989, 2002. 

LeVine, A.M., et al., Surfactant protein-A binds group B streptococcus enhancing phagocytosis and clearance from lungs of surfactant protein-A-deficient mice, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 20, 2, 279, 1999. 

Wert, S., et al., Spontaneous emphysema in surfactant protein D gene-targeted mice, Chest. 117, 5 Suppl 1, 248S, 2000. 

SAPA Saposin/surfactant protein-B A-type DOMAIN E(M) 0(0) 0(0) ... 

Floras J, Hoover RR (1998) Genetics of the hydrophilic surfactant proteins A and D. Biochim Biophys Acta 1408(2-3) 312-322... 

Takahashi H, Sano H, Chiba H, Kuroki Y (2006) Pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D innate immune functions and biomarkers for lung diseases. Curr Pharm Des 12(5) 589-598... 

Fuchs S, Hollins AJ, Laue M, Schaefer UF, Roemer K, Gumbleton M, Lehr CM (2003) Differentiation of human alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture— Morphological characterisation and expression of caveolin-1 and surfactant protein-C. Cell Tissue Res 311 31-45... 

Wikenheiser KA, Vorbroker DK, Rice WR, Clark JC, Bachurski CJ, Oie HK, Whitsett JA (1993) Production of immortalized distal respiratory epithelial cell lines from surfactant protein C/simian virus 40 large tumor antigen transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90(23) 11029-11033... 

Clark JC, Wert SE, Bachurski CJ, et al. Targeted disruption of the surfactant protein B gene disrupts surfactant homeostasis, causing respiratory failure in newborn mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92(17) 7794 7798. 

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