Superoxide dismutase and catalase

Kyle, M.E., Miccadei, S., Nakae, D. and Farber, J.L. (1987). Superoxide dismutase and catalase protect cultured hepato-cytes from the cytotoxicity of acetaminophen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149, 889-896. 

Higuchi, M., Cartier, L.J., Chen, M. and HoUoszy, J.O. (1985). Superoxide dismutase and catalase in skeletal muscle adaptive response to exercise. J. Gerontol. 40, 281-286. Hunter, M.I.S., Brzeski, M.S. and de Vane, P.J. (1981). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbi-turic acid-reactive compounds in erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin. Chim. Acta 115, 93-98. 

Freeman, B.A., Turrens, J.F., Mirza, Z., Crapo, J.D. and Young, S.L. (1985). Modulation of oxidant lung injury by using liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase and catalase. Fed. Proc. 44, 2591-2595. 

Liu, T.H., Beckman, J.S., Freeman, B.A., Hogan, E.L. and Hsu, C.Y. (1989). Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase and catalase reduce ischemic brain injury. Am. J. Physiol. 256, H589-593. 

Radhaiah, V. and S.V.K. Reddy. 1989. Toxic impact of fenvalerate on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity levels in liver, muscle and gill tissues of a freshwater fish, Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Biochem. Inter. 18 655-660. 

Beckman, J. S., Minor, R. M., Jr., White, C. J., Repine, J., Rosen, G. M., and Freeman, B. A. (1988). Superoxide dismutase and catalase conjugated to polyethylene glycol increases endothelial enzyme activity and oxidant resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6584-6802. 

Hatchikian, C. E., Le Gall, J. Significance of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the strict anaerobes, sulfate reducing bacteria. In Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases (Michelson, A. M, McCord, J. M., Fridovich, L, eds.), London-New York-San Francisco, Academic Press, 1977, pp. 159-172... 

Experiments in which the lysis of erythrocytes exposed to oxidizable organic compounds have also been performed 204-206.213,214) jjj some of these experiments O and H2O2 appear to be involved as shown by the inhibition of lysis by superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, the pathways leading to lysis in these experiments may be complex because of the effects of O and H2O2 on the rates of autoxidation of the organic compounds and because of the possibility that the oxidizable organic compounds or their products react with the red cells directly. 

The heart has reduced levels of antioxidants such as GSH, GSH peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and is therefore vulnerable to attack by ROS. 

J. Tramper, F. Muller, and H. C. van der Plas, Immobilized xanthine oxidase kinetics, (in)stability, and stabilization by coimmobilization with superoxide dismutase and catalase, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1978, 20, 1507-1522. 

Zini, A., de Lamirande, E., and Gagnon, C. 1993. Reactive oxygen species in semen of infertile patients Levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase-like activities in seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Int. J. Androl. 16, 183-188. 

In the muscle of active fish such as horse-mackerel and pickerel, the antiox-idative enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase are more active than in the more sluggish scorpion fish (Rudneva-Titova, 1994 Rudneva-Titova and Zherko, 1994). 

Superoxide radical anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide are known as prooxidants, whereas substances that neutralize their effects are called antioxidants. Oxidative stress occurs when the prooxidant-antioxidant balance becomes too favorable to the prooxidants. The effects of prooxidants can be neutralized by their direct reaction with small-molecule antioxidants, including glutathione, ascorbate, and tocopherols. In addition, oxidizing radicals are scavenged from a living system by several enzymes, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Oxidative lesions on DNA may be repaired by DNA repair enzymes. 

In other recent reports concerning enzymatic inhibition and receptor binding of organofullerene materials, C60 monomalonate adducts were found to selectively inactivate the neuronal nitric oxide synthase isoform in a manner completely preventable by the concurrent presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase [295]. Also two fullerene-steroid hybrids were synthesized and found to decrease both the ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ uptake activity of SR Ca2+-ATPase while the inhibitions were concentration dependent [296]. 

In addition, there are protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, which reduce the rate of formation of hydroxyl radicals. These enzymes... 

Orr, W. C., and Sohal, R. S., Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 263, 1128-1130 (1994). 

Schleien CL, Eberle B, Shaffner DH, Koehler RC, Traystman RJ (1994) Reduced blood-brain barrier permeabUity after cardiac arrest by conjugated superoxide dismutase and catalase in piglets. Stroke 25 1830-1835... 

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