Seminal plasma

Sensabaugh, G., Blake, E. Seminal plasma protein p30 Simplified purification and evidence for identity with prostate specific antigen. J. Urol. 144, 1523-1526 (1990). 

L-PGDS is the same protein as (3-trace (Hoffmann et al., 1993 Watanabe et al., 1994), which was originally discovered in 1961 as a major protein of human CSF (Clausen, 1961) and later identified in the seminal plasma, serum, and urine. Therefore, the L-PGDS/(3-trace concentration in body fluids may be a useful clinical marker for various diseases (Urade Hayaishi, 2000a Urade et al., 2002, 2006). The L-PGDS/(3-trace concentrations in seminal plasma, serum, and urine... 

Gerena, R. L., et at (1998). Identification of a fertility-associated protein in bull seminal plasma as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. Biol Reprod. 58, 826-33. 

Tokugawa, Y., et al. (1998). Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in human male reproductive organs and seminal plasma. Biol Reprod. 58, 600-7. 

Zinc concentrations in seminal plasma of domestic chickens (Gallus sp.) are about 100 times lower than those for humans and most other mammals, except sheep. Concentrations of zinc in fowl seminal plasma after in vitro storage of spermatozoa for 24 h at 4°C were near the threshold values toxic to spermatozoa (Blesbois and Mauger 1989), suggesting that poultry spermatozoa normally function near their lower lethal zinc threshold. 

Blesbois, E. and I. Mauger. 1989. Zinc content of fowl seminal plasma and its effects on spermatozoa after storage at 4°C. Brit. Poul. Sci. 39 677-685. 

Hudec T, Thean J, Kuehl D, Dougherty RC (1981) Tris(dichloropropyl)phosphate, a mutagenic flame-retardant - frequent occurence in human seminal plasma. Science 211 951-952... 

Frederiksen H, Jorgensen N, Andersson AM (2010) Correlations between phthalate metabolites in urine, serum, and seminal plasma from young Danish men determined by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 34 400-410... 

This zinc-dependent enzyme [EC 3.1.4.3] (also known as lipophosphodiesterase I, lecithinase C, Clostridium welchii ce-toxin, and Clostridium oedematiens 13- and y-toxins) catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine to produce 1,2-diacylglycerol and choline phosphate. The enzyme isolated from bacterial sources also acts on sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol however, the enzyme isolated from seminal plasma does not act on phosphatidylinositol. See Micelle... 

Jayasankar, V. and Subramonium, T. (1999). Antibacterial activity of seminal plasma of the mud crab Scylla serrata (forskal).. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 236, 253-259. 

L. M. Wallock et al., Low Seminal Plasma Folate Concentrations Are Associated with Low Sperm Density and Count in Male Smokers and Non-smokers, Fertil. Steril. 75 (2001) 252-59. 

Huang, K., et al. 1997. Alanyl aminopeptidase from human seminal plasma Purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization in the male genital tract. J Biochem Tokyo) 122 779. 

Lycopene and its oxidation products are present in human milk and other body fluids (Khachik et al., 1997). Human seminal plasma also contains lycopene and its levels were lower in immunoinfertile men compared to normal individuals (Palan and Naz, 1996). Although the plasma or serum levels of lycopene are used commonly to assess its bioavailability, adipose tissue has been suggested as a better tissue for the assessment of body lycopene status (Kohlmeier et al., 1997). 

Palan, P. andNaz, R. 1996. Changes in various antioxidant levels in human seminal plasma related to immunofertility. Arch. Androl. 36, 139-143. 

Zini, A., de Lamirande, E., and Gagnon, C. 1993. Reactive oxygen species in semen of infertile patients Levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase-like activities in seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Int. J. Androl. 16, 183-188. 

The physiologic role of prostaglandins in reproduction has been intensively studied since the discovery of prostaglandins in the seminal plasma of primates and sheep. It has been suggested that... 

The majority of hK3 (PSA) in the prostate and seminal plasma is in its free form, with less than 5% complexed with protein C inhibitor [111]. In serum, the majority of hK3 binds to protease inhibitors, and only 15%-25% is in the free form. The hK3-ai-antichymotrypsin complex constitutes 70%-85% of total serum hK3, with the hK3 2-macroglobulin and hK3 o,-antitrypsin complexes representing 15% and 3%, respectively [112-114],... 

Seminal plasma hK2 was found to be able to cleave seminogelin I and seminogelin II, but at different cleavage sites and with lower efficiency than hK3 [180], Because the amount of hK2 in seminal plasma is much lower than hK3 (1% —5%), the contribution of hK2 in the process of seminal clot liquefaction is expected to be relatively small [31]. 

It appears that small groups of kallikreins may represent enzymatic cascade pathways in certain tissues. For example, it is very likely that at least three kallikreins, hK2, hK3, and hKl 1, which are present in seminal plasma at relatively very large concentrations, may coordinately act as a cascade enzymatic pathway, involved in semen liquefaction or other activities. In contrast, another group of kallikreins, including hK5 and hK7 and possibly many others, seem to be involved in skin desquamation. Similar cascade pathways may be operating in the breast, testis and other tissues. 

Carvalho AL, Sanz L, Barettino D, Romero A, Calvete JJ, Romao MJ. Crystal structure of a prostate kallikrein isolated from stallion seminal plasma A homologue of human PSA. J Mol Biol 2002 322 325-337. 

Cohen P, Graves HC, Peehl DM, Kamarei M, Giudice LC, Rosenfeld RG. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease found in seminal plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 75 1046-1053. 

Rhemrev et al. (RIM) measured TAC of human seminal plasma by ABTS + decoloration at 37°C and distinguished fast TRAP (decolorization measured 10 sec after addition of the sample) and slow TRAP (decolorization measured between 10 and 300 sec after addition of the sample). One of the compounds contributing to the slow TRAP is tyrosine, present in seminal plasma at high concentrations (Table 5). Another contributor to the slow TRAP is hypotaurine, but the contribution of tyrosine is more important due to its higher concentration in seminal plasma (2.12 mM vs. 36 /rM) (R14, V8). 

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