Sulfide-containing polymers

The growing interest in thermal degradation studies of sulfide-containing polymers is due to their extensive applications in adhesives, sealants, insulators, etc., in addition to interest in understanding the primary and secondary thermal degradation mechanisms... 

Scheme 2.16 displays the thermal ROP of a number of phosphorous-bridged ferrocenophanes, resulting in the isolation of phosphorus(III)- and (V)-containing polymers 59a-c.115 Reaction of poly(ferrocenylphosphines) 59a-c with elemental sulfur generated poly(ferrocenylphosphine sulfides) 60a-c. Polymers 60a-c could not be directly prepared from thermal ROP of phosphine sulfide-bridged ferrocenophanes due to partial decomposition of the products. However, ferro-cenophane 58a polymerized via anionic ROP and reacted with sulfur.116 The resultant polymers had Mn = 3600-32,000 for monomer-catalyst ratios that were varied from 11 1 to 100 1. 

In order to prevent formation of the unwanted phosphine oxide, the usual synthetic procedure is to convert phosphine to phosphine sulfide, the deprotection by Raney nickel restoring the phosphine. However, such a treatment [50] appeared inappropriate for the reduction of a large number of ligands [51] then a new homogeneous reducing method was reported in which the sulfide-containing peptides remain attached to the polymer on which they are synthesized [52]. Phosphine sulfide is methylated by trifluoromethanesulfonate to give the phosphonium... 

Composites containing different types of guests (metal or alloy particles, oxides, sulfides, complexes, polymers) in the cavities of zeolite hosts are prepared for various appHcations in materials research and catalysis. Except for quality assessment by detection of extra-zeolite material after synthesis or thermal treatments, photoemission plays a largely auxiliary role in this area, cooperating with bulk techniques such as X-ray absorption, UV-Vis, IR of probe molecules, and temperature-programmed reduction. The attention drawn to the significance of intra-zeolite potentials by XPS studies [12] has, however, contributed to the elaboration of a new theory of metal-support interactions [18,19]. 

References concerning research studies of enyzme-like polymers conducted during the period of 1978-1982, catalytic properties of water-soluble imidazole-containing polymers during ester hydrolysis, as well as the latest achievements in the manufacture and application of high-molecular weight catalysts containing thiocrown-ethers or crown-sulfides, can be found in previous reviews [199-201]. 

A connectivity of 1 is given for side chain metal-containing polymers as 1 in which the metal complex is connected via one bond to the main chain [11]. Additional examples for other connectivities are (Fig. 1-8) connectivity 2 in metal(yne)s 2 [12] connectivity 3 in arsenic(III) sulfide 3 connectivity 4 in a polymeric methyl rhenium oxide of the formula Ho.5[(CH3)o.92Re03] co 4 [13] or polymeric phthalocyanines 5 [14] connectivity 8 in lanthanide complexes of bis(tetradendate) Schiff base bridging ligands 6 [15]. 

R. L. Bobsein, M. L. Stone, and J. F. Geibel. Reinforced plastic comprising poly(arylene sulfide sulfone) polymer containing ether groups matrix. US Patent 5 024 876, assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company (Bartlesville, OK), June 18, 1991. 

In other investigations, several cyclic sulfides were foimd to be present in the corresponding sulfur-containing polymers, and FAB-MS allowed the identification of all the oligomers resolved in the SEC traces. ... 

Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on ACPs such as S-PPBP and sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) contain rather large amoimts of bound water. This seems to be the reason for such a sahent featme of these membranes as an increased proton conductivity at high temperatmes and/or low humidities. This conclusion was confirmed by the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of these systems [7]. 

Elastomersy based on poly(alkylene sulfide)s, are still another group of sulfur-containing polymers. They can be represented by a general structural formula of... 

The polymers obtained by polymerization of cyclic sulfides have no commercial importance. A monomer can be obtained from pentaerythritol, C(CH20H)4, and chloroacetaldehyde, CICH2CHO, which leads to sulfur-containing polymers when polycondensed with disodium sulfide ... 

Dimethyl sulfoxide, a product of an oxidation reaction on dimethyl sulfide, contains a very polar sulfoxide functional group (6 = 16.4). This highly polar functional group enables DMSO to form complexes with many metal ions, to act as a reaction medium for synthetic reactions, and to dissolve a large number of organic resins and polymers. 

Recently, the synthesis of polymer nanocomposite OLEDs based on a new series of sulfide-containing polyfluorene homopolymers and copolymers and CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals was described by Yang et al. [38]. CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles were grafted to sulfur atoms by a ligand-exchanging reaction. The EL efficiency of nanocomposite OLEDs was effectively improved by QD nanocrystals incorporated in the polymers [38]. 

A variety of synthetic methods exist for the preparation of mercaptan-containing polymers. In contrast to vinyl alcohol, vinyl mercaptan can be isolated in very low yield from the addition of hydrr en sulfide to... 

Sulfur-containing polymers, including poly-sulfone (PSU), polyphenylenesulfone (PPSU), and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)... 

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