Fatty acids polyesters

Olestra Nondigestible Sucrose fatty acid polyester Procter Gamble Co. (Cincinnati, Ohio)... 

Sorbestrin Nondigestible Sorbitol fatty acid polyester Cultor Food Science, Inc. (Ardsley, New York)... 

U.S. 6592856 (2003) Giles et al. (Unilever) Combination of conditioning agents emulsified silicones, cationic polymers, fatty acid polyesters of cyclic polyols and/or sugar derivatives Improved hair softness and ease of combings, especially for damaged hair, through environmental or harsh mechanical or chemical treatments... 

Sucrose fatty acid polyesters, e.g., sucrose octapalmltate, have been synthesized in high yield by alkali metal catalysed transesterlflcat-lon of sucrose octaacetate with the appropriate methyl esters of the fatty acid in the absence of solvents. Dithlocarbonatlon of sucrose in sodium hydroxide-pyridine, which allows product acetylation without isolation, has been achieved using carbon disulphide. Chromatography yielded an anticipated range of partially xanthated, otherwise acetylated sucrose derivatives In pure form. 6,6 -Dl-0-... 

Kenneally CJ, Busch GA, Corrigan PJ, Granberg EP, Howie JK, Schafermeyer RG, et al. Process for synthesis of polyol fatty acid polyesters. US 6,121,440. Procter Gamble 1998. 

Fatty acid polyesters have been prepared by the weU established method of transesterification in the presence of sodium metal from the peracetates of D-glucitol and trehalose, of methyl glucoside, methyl galactoside, octyl glucoside, and stachyose, and of sucrose. The process for formation and purification of sucrose polyesters has been optimised to furnish pure products in >99% yield. ... 

A one-stage procedure involving sodium catalysed transesterification between raffinose undeca-acetate and methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids (derived, for example, from salad oil) has been employed to produce raffinose fatty acid polyesters in excellent yields (>96%) their physical properties are described as similar to those of analogous sucrose polyesters." Certain carbohydrate esters of fatty acids, e.a.. sucrose mono-laurate, -palmitate, and -stearate, have been found to enhance the activity of thiabendazole, a fungicide used against Penicillium dioitatum infections of citrus fruit. The mechanism of this action remains to be clarified. ... 

Further components of dietary fibre are hpidic materials on the surface of cell walls that are composed of waxes, cutin (a cross-linked hydroxy fatty acid polyester) and subeiin (a polyester composed of higher co-hydroxy acids, a,( -dicarboxyHc acids, fatty acids and fatty alcohols, which also contains feruHc acid). 

Beeswax (yellow and white) contains over 80 different compounds, largely made up of hydrocarbons, alkanes, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, free fatty acids, fatty acid monoesters, fatty acid polyesters, diesters, monoesters, triesters, hydroxypolyesters, 1,2,3-propane-triol monoesters, unsatnrated linear fatty acids, and hydroxyacids. Oxygenated volatiles in beeswax include octanal, furfural, 1-decanol, and benzaldehyde with decanal... 

Sucrose polyesters, which are made by esterilying sucrose with long-chain fatty acids, have the physical properties of fat, but are resistant to digestive enzymes (40). Olestra, a sucrose polyester developed by Procter Gamble, was submitted for regulatory approval in May 1987. In order to faciUtate the approval process, Procter Gamble has since narrowed the scope of its food additive petition to include olestra s use only in savory and extmded snacks. 

Inversion ofMon cjueous Polymers. Many polymers such as polyurethanes, polyesters, polypropylene, epoxy resins (qv), and siHcones that cannot be made via emulsion polymerization are converted into latices. Such polymers are dissolved in solvent and inverted via emulsification, foUowed by solvent stripping (80). SoHd polymers are milled with long-chain fatty acids and diluted in weak alkaH solutions until dispersion occurs (81). Such latices usually have lower polymer concentrations after the solvent has been removed. For commercial uses the latex soHds are increased by techniques such as creaming. 

Alkyds. Alkyd resins (qv) are polyesters formed by the reaction of polybasic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyhydric alcohols (see Alcohols, POLYHYDRic). Modified alkyds are made when epoxy, sUicone, urethane, or vinyl resins take part in this reaction. The resins cross-link by reaction with oxygen in the air, and carboxylate salts of cobalt, chromium, manganese, zinc, or zirconium are included in the formulation to catalyze drying. 

The catalytic hydrogenation of esters is of great commercial importance. It is one of the industrial methods used to produce long-chain fatty alcohols (eg, dodecyl and decyl alcohols) from fatty acid methyl esters (33). The method is also suitable for the conversion of dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate [94-60-0] into 1,4-cydohexanedimethanol [105-08-8] an important intermediate in the manufacturing of polyesters. 

Fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, have found a variety of applications. Brassilic acid (1,11-un-decanedicarboxylic acid [BA]), an important monomer used in many polymer applications, is prepared from erucic acid (Scheme 2), obtained from rapeseed and crambe abyssinica oils by ozonolysis and oxidative cleavage [127]. For example, an oligomer of BA with 1,3-butane diol-lauric acid system is an effective plasticizer for polyvinylchloride. Polyester-based polyurethane elastomers are prepared from BA by condensing with ethylene glycol-propylene glycol. Polyamides based on BA are known to impart moisture resistance. 

Unsaturated polyesters are a group of polymers and resins used in coatings or for castings with styrene. These polymers normally have maleic anhydride moiety or an unsaturated fatty acid to impart the required unsaturation. A typical example is the reaction between maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol ... 

Phthalic anhydride, a polyol, and an unsaturated fatty acid are usually copolymerized to unsaturated polyesters for coating purposes. Many other combinations in variable ratios are possible for preparing these resins. The 1998 U.S. production of polyesters was approximately 1.7 billion pounds. 

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